在C++中实现回调机制的几种方式一文中,我们提到了实现回调的三种方式(C风格的回调函数, Sink方式和Delegate方式)。在面向对象开发中,delegate的方式是最灵活和方便的,因此很早就有人用复杂的模板去模拟(有兴趣的话可以看这里和这里),总之是实现起来很复杂。但是现在借助C++11的function和bind, 我们可以很方便的去实现。下面是我自己的一种实现方式:  namespace Common
{
    typedef void* cookie_type;
    template<typename TR, typename T1, typename T2>
    class CEvent
    {
    public:
        typedef TR return_type;
        typedef T1 first_type;
        typedef T2 second_type;
        typedef std::function<return_type (first_type, second_type)> handler_type;
        ~CEvent()
        {
            Clear();
        }
        return_type operator()(first_type p1, second_type p2)
        {
            return_type ret = return_type();
            size_t size = _handlers.size();
            for(size_t i=0; i<size; ++i)
            {
                ret = _handlers[i]->operator()(p1, p2);
            }
            return ret;
        }
        cookie_type AddHandler(std::function<return_type (first_type, second_type)> h)
        {
            CEventHandler*p = new(nothrow)  CEventHandler(h);
            if(p != nullptr) _handlers.push_back(p);
            return (cookie_type)p;
        }
        template<typename class_type, typename class_fun>
        cookie_type AddHandler(class_type* pThis, class_fun f)
        {
            CEventHandler* p = new(nothrow) CEventHandler(pThis, f);
            if(p != nullptr) _handlers.push_back(p);
            return (cookie_type)p;
        }
        void RemoveHandler(cookie_type cookie)
        {
            CEventHandler* p = (CEventHandler*)cookie;
            auto itr = std::find(_handlers.begin(), _handlers.end(), p);
            if(itr != _handlers.end())
            {
                _handlers.erase(itr);
                delete p;
            }
            else
            {
                assert(false);
            }
        }
        void Clear()
        {
            if(!_handlers.empty())
            {
                int n = _handlers.size();
                std::for_each(_handlers.begin(), _handlers.end(), [](CEventHandler* p)
                { 
                    assert(p != nullptr);
                    delete p;
                });
                _handlers.clear();        
            }
        }
    private:
        class CEventHandler 
        {
        public:
            CEventHandler(handler_type h)
            {
                _handler = h;
                assert(_handler != nullptr);
            }
            template<typename class_type, typename class_fun>
            CEventHandler(class_type* pThis, class_fun object_function)
            {
                using namespace std::placeholders;
                _handler = std::bind(object_function, pThis, _1, _2);
                assert(_handler != nullptr);
            }
            return_type operator()(first_type p1, second_type p2)
            {
                return_type ret = return_type();
                assert(_handler != nullptr);
                if(_handler != nullptr) ret = _handler(p1, p2);
                return ret;
            }
            handler_type _handler;
        };
    private:
        std::vector<CEventHandler*> _handlers;
    };
}
大概实现思想是我们通过一个内置的CEventHandler 类来封装处理函数,我们可以通过AddHandler来添加事件处理函数,添加时会返回一个Cookie,我们可以通过该Cookie来RemoveHandler, 下面是测试代码:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include "event1.h"
using namespace std;
class CObjectX 
{
};
class CClickEventArgs: public CObjectX
{
};
class CButton: public CObjectX
{
public:
    void FireClick()
    {
        CClickEventArgs args;
        OnClicked(this, args);
    }
    Common::CEvent<int, CObjectX*, CClickEventArgs&> OnClicked;
};
class CMyClass 
{
public:
    int OnBtuttonClicked(CObjectX* pButton, CClickEventArgs& args)
    {
        cout << "CMyClass: Receive button clicked event" << endl;
        return 1;
    }
};
int OnBtuttonClicked_C_fun(CObjectX* pButton, CClickEventArgs& args)
{
    cout << "C Style Function: Receive button clicked event" << endl;
    return 1;
}
class CMyFunObj
{
public:
    int operator()(CObjectX* pButton, CClickEventArgs& args)
    {
        cout << "Functor: Receive button clicked event" << endl;
        return 1;
    }
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    using namespace std::placeholders;
    CButton btn;
    CMyClass obj;
    Common::cookie_type c1 = btn.OnClicked.AddHandler(&obj, &CMyClass::OnBtuttonClicked);
    Common::cookie_type c2 = btn.OnClicked.AddHandler(OnBtuttonClicked_C_fun);
    CMyFunObj functor;
    Common::cookie_type c3 = btn.OnClicked.AddHandler(functor);
    btn.FireClick();
    btn.OnClicked.RemoveHandler(c2);
    std::cout << endl;
    btn.FireClick();
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}
以下是测试结果:

 可以看到, 我们在普通C函数, 类成员函数和仿函数(functor)中都测试通过。另外对于事件函数返回值为void的情况,会编译出错,我们需要偏特化一下:    template< typename T1, typename T2>
    class CEvent<void, T1, T2>
    {
    public:
        typedef void return_type;
        typedef T1 first_type;
        typedef T2 second_type;
        typedef std::function<return_type (first_type, second_type)> handler_type;
        ~CEvent()
        {
            Clear();
        }
        return_type operator()(first_type p1, second_type p2)
        {
            size_t size = _handlers.size();
            for(size_t i=0; i<size; ++i)
            {
                _handlers[i]->operator()(p1, p2);
            }
        }
        cookie_type AddHandler(std::function<return_type (first_type, second_type)> h)
        {
            CEventHandler*p = new(nothrow)  CEventHandler(h);
            if(p != nullptr) _handlers.push_back(p);
            return (cookie_type)p;
        }
        template<typename class_type, typename class_fun>
        cookie_type AddHandler(class_type* pThis, class_fun f)
        {
            CEventHandler* p = new(nothrow) CEventHandler(pThis, f);
            if(p != nullptr) _handlers.push_back(p);
            return (cookie_type)p;
        }
        void RemoveHandler(cookie_type cookie)
        {
            CEventHandler* p = (CEventHandler*)cookie;
            auto itr = std::find(_handlers.begin(), _handlers.end(), p);
            if(itr != _handlers.end())
            {
                _handlers.erase(itr);
                delete p;
            }
            else
            {
                assert(false);
            }
        }
        void Clear()
        {
            if(!_handlers.empty())
            {
                int n = _handlers.size();
                std::for_each(_handlers.begin(), _handlers.end(), [](CEventHandler* p)
                { 
                    assert(p != nullptr);
                    delete p;
                });
                _handlers.clear();        
            }
        }
    private:
        class CEventHandler 
        {
        public:
            CEventHandler(handler_type h)
            {
                _handler = h;
                assert(_handler != nullptr);
            }
            template<typename class_type, typename class_fun>
            CEventHandler(class_type* pThis, class_fun object_function)
            {
                using namespace std::placeholders;
                _handler = std::bind(object_function, pThis, _1, _2);
                assert(_handler != nullptr);
            }
            return_type operator()(first_type p1, second_type p2)
            {
                assert(_handler != nullptr);
                if(_handler != nullptr) _handler(p1, p2);
            }
            handler_type _handler;
        };
    private:
        std::vector<CEventHandler*> _handlers;
    };
    int* p1 = new int(1);
    v.push_back(p1);
    int* p2 = new int(2);
    v.push_back(p2);
 
    //尝试删除所有值为p1的项
    //由该代码想到=>v.erase(std::remove(v.begin(), v.end(), p1), v.end());
    //错误代码:
    auto itr = remove(v.begin(), v.end(), p1);
    for_each(itr, v.end(), [](int* p){delete p;});
    v.erase(itr, v.end());
   //正确代码:
   v.erase(remove_if(v.begin(), v.end(), [](int*p)->bool {if(p==p1) {delete p; return true;} else return false}), v.end());
(2)我们想把cookei_type放到类里面去, 类似这样:1     template<typename TR, typename T1, typename T2>
2     class CEvent
3     {
4     public:
5         typedef TR return_type;
6         typedef T1 first_type;
7         typedef T2 second_type;
8         typedef void* cookie_type;
可发现要这样使用:Common::CEvent<int, CObjectX*, CClickEventArgs&>::cookie_type c1 = btn.OnClicked.AddHandler(&obj, &CMyClass::OnBtuttonClicked);
太不方便了, 不知道大家有没有好的方法。注:上面的代码还没有经过真正商业使用,如果有问题欢迎指出。
	posted on 2013-01-31 14:16 
Richard Wei 阅读(10406) 
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