共三种:
1. int
输出格式符：%i, %d, %o %x,
2. float
输出格式符：%f, %e, %g
3. double
输出格式符：%f, %e, %g
4. char
输出格式符：%c
限定符：
1. long
long int: %li
long double: %Lf
形成long int通过在数字后面加L.
long int number = 123324123234123L;
2. long long
long long int: %lli
3. short
short int: %hi
4. unsigned
short
unsigned
signed