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</description><language>zh-cn</language><lastBuildDate>Sun, 05 Apr 2026 20:45:03 GMT</lastBuildDate><pubDate>Sun, 05 Apr 2026 20:45:03 GMT</pubDate><ttl>60</ttl><item><title>雅虎公司C#笔试题(转),你能通过吗?</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2007/04/10/21575.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Tue, 10 Apr 2007 02:02:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2007/04/10/21575.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/21575.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2007/04/10/21575.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>4</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/21575.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/21575.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<div id=content>
<h2>雅虎公司C#笔试题&nbsp; (转自:http://www.chinacs.net/) </h2>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">雅虎公司C#笔试题，包括问答题和选择题两部分。试试看，你能回答出多少题，可以通过雅虎的考试吗？</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 1. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">在计算机网络中,表征数据传输可靠性的指标是</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 传输率</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 误码率</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 信息容量</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 频带利用率</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 2. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">以下关于链式存储结构的叙述中哪一条是不正确的?</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 结点除自身信息外还包括指针域,因此存储密度小于顺序存储结构</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 逻辑上相邻的结点物理上不必邻接</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 可以通过计算直接确定第i个结点的存储地址</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 插入、删除运算操作方便,不必移动结点</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 3. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">以下哪一个不是栈的基本运算</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 删除栈顶元素</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 删除栈底元素</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 判断栈是否为空</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 将栈置为空栈</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 4. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">以下关于广义表的叙述中,正确的是</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 广义表是0个或多个单元素或子表组成的有限序列</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 广义表至少有一个元素是子表</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 广义表不可以是自身的子表</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 广义表不能为空表</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 5. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">如果一棵二叉树结点的前序序列是A、B、C,后序序列是C、B、A,则该二叉树结点的对称序序列</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 必为A、B、C</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 必为A、C、B</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 必为B、C、A</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 不能确定</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 6. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">在虚拟页式存储管理方案中,下面哪一部分完成将页面调入内存的工作?</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 缺页中断处理</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 页面淘汰过程</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 工作集模型应用</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 紧缩技术利用</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 7. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">在DOS系统中,用于记录和管理磁盘数据区使用情况的数据结构</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 位图表</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 空闲块表</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 文件分配表</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 文件控制块</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 8. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">设有关系R(S,D,M),其函数依赖集F={S&#8594;D,D&#8594;M}。则关系R至多满足</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 1NF</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 2NF</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 3NF</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. BCNF</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 9. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">在数据库逻辑设计中,当将E-R图转换为关系模式时,下面的做法哪一个是不正确的?</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 一个实体类型转换为一个关系模式</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 一个联系类型转换为一个关系模式</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 由实体类型转换成的关系模式的主键是该实体类型的主键</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 由联系类型转换成的关系模式的属性是与该联系类型相关的诸实体类型的属性的全体</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 10. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">计算机网络按照所覆盖的地理范围分类,可以分广域网、局域网与</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. TCP/IP网</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. ATM网</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. ISDN</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 城域网 </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 11. (单选)</strong> </p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">计算机网络拓扑结构主要取决于它的</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 资源子网</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. FDDI网</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 通信子网</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 路由器</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 12. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">网络协议的三个要素是语法、语义与</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 工作原理</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 时序</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 进程</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 服务原语</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 13. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">TCP/IP参考模型中,电子邮件协议SMTP依赖于传输层的</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. UDP协议</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. IP协议</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. TCP协议</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 802.2协议</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 14. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">IEEE802.2协议中10BASE-T标准规定在使用5类双绞线时,从网卡到集线器的最大距离为</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 100m</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 185m</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 300m</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 500m</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 15. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">100Mbps Fast Ethernet与10Mbps Ethernet 工作原理的相同之处主要在</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 介质访问控制方法</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 物理层协议</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 网络层</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 发送时钟周期</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 16. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">在Client/Server计算模式中,中间件middleware的作用是隔离应用与</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 结构化查询语言SQL</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 应用进程</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 网络</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. IP地址</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 17. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">当用户向ISP申请Internet帐户时,用户的E-mail帐户应包括</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. IP地址</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. WWW地址</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 用户密码(Password)</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 用户名(User Name)与用户密码(Password)</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 18. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">WWW的超链接中定位信息所在的位置使用的是</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 超文本(hypertext)技术</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 统一资源定位器(URL, Uniform Resource Locators)</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 超媒体(hypermedia技术)</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 超文本标注语言HTML</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 19. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">计算机网络系统与分布式系统之间的区别主要是</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 系统物理结构</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 系统高层软件</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 传输介质类型</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 服务器类型</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 20. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">帧中继系统设计的主要目标是用于互连多个</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 广域网</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 电话网</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 局域网</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 0)ATIM网 </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 21. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">ATM网络采用固定长厦的信元传送数据，信元长度为</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 1024B</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 53B</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 128B</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 64B</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 22. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">TCP/IP参考模型中的主机-网络层对应于OSI RM中的</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 网络层</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 物理层</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 数据链路层</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 物理层与数据链路层</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 23. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">计算机网络最突出的优点是：</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 计算精度高</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 内存容量大</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 运算速度快</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 连网的计算机能够相互共享资源</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 24. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">计算机网络分为局域网、城域网与广域网，其划分的依据是：</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 数据传输所使用的介质</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 网络的作用范围</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 网络的控制方式</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 网络的拓扑结构</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 25. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">用二分法查找一个长度为10的、排好序的线性表，查找不成功时，最多需要比较多少次？</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 5</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 2</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 4</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 1</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 26. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">模块内聚度越高，说明模块内各成分彼此结合的程度越</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 松散</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 紧密</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 无法判断</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 相同</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 27. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">软件需求分析阶段的输出主要是</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 需求说明书</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 开发计划</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 可行性报告</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 设计说明书</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 28. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">以下选项中不是项目经理的职责的是？</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 需求分析</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 计划</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 计划跟踪</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 质量管理</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 29. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">单元测试一般在什么时候进行？</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 编码完成后</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 系统测试前</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 测试用例编写完成后</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 集成测试后</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 30. (多选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">配置管理能起到以下哪些作用？</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 版本管理</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 变更管理</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 需求管理</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 测试管理 </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 31. (单选)</strong> </p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">根据线程安全的相关知识，分析以下代码，当调用test方法时i&gt;10时是否会引起死锁?</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public void test(int i) </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{ </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">lock(this) </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{ </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">if (i&gt;10) </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{ </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">i--; </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">test(i); </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">} </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">} </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">} </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 会锁死</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 不会锁死</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 32. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">以下描述错误的是（）</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 在C++中支持抽象类而在C#中不支持抽象类。</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. C++中可在头文件中声明类的成员而在CPP文件中定义类的成员，在C#中没有头文件并且在同一处声明和定义类的成员。</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 在C#中可使用 new 修饰符显式隐藏从基类继承的成员。</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 在C#中要在派生类中重新定义基类的虚函数必须在前面加Override。</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 33. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">int[][] myArray3=new int[3][]{new int[3]{5,6,2},new int[5]{6,9,7,8,3},new int[2]{3,2}}; myArray3[2][2]的值是（）。</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 9</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 2</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 6</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 越界</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 34. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">在C#中利用Socket进行网络通信编程的一般步骤是：建立Socket侦听、（ ）、利用Socket接收和发送数据。</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 建立Socket连接</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 获得端口号；</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 获得IP地址；</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 获得主机名；</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 35. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">如果设treeView1=new TreeView(),TreeNode node=new TreeNode("根结点" )，则treeView1.Nodes.Add(node)返回的是一个 ()类型的值。</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. TreeNode；</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. int；</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. string；</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. TreeView；</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 36. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">声明一个委托public delegate int myCallBack(int x); 则用该委托产生的回调方法的原型应该是</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. void myCallBack(int x)</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. int receive(int num)</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. string receive(int x)</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 不确定的</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 37. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">关于ASP.NET中的代码隐藏文件的描述正确的是</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. Web窗体页的程序的逻辑由代码组成，这些代码的创建用于与窗体交互。编程逻辑唯一与用户界面不同的文件中。该文件称作为&#8220;代码隐藏&#8221;文件，如果用C＃创建，该文件</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 项目中所有Web窗体页的代码隐藏文件都被编译成.EXE文件</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 项目中所有的Web窗体页的代码隐藏文件都被编译成项目动态链接库（.dll）文件</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 以上都不正确</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 38. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">What compiler switch creates an xml file from the xml comments in the files in an assembly?</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. /text</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. /doc</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. /xml</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. /help</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 39. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">下面的代码实现了设计模式中的什么模式</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public class A {</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">private A instance;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">private A() {</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public static A Instance {</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">get</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">if ( A == null )</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">A = new A();</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">return instance;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. Factory</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. Abstract Factory</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. Singleton</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. Builder</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 40. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">class Class1</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public static int Count = 0;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">static Class1()</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">Count++;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public Class1()</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">Count++;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">Class1 o1 = new Class1();</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">Class1 o2 = new Class1();</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">请问，Class1.Count的值是多少？( )</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 1</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 2</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 3</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 4 </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 41. (单选)</strong> </p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">abstract class BaseClass</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public virtual void MethodA()</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">Console.WriteLine("BaseClass");</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public virtual void MethodB()</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">class Class1: BaseClass</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public void MethodA()</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">Console.WriteLine("Class1");</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public override void MethodB()</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">class Class2: Class1</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">new public void MethodB()</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">class MainClass</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public static void Main(string[] args)</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">Class2 o = new Class2();</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">o.MethodA(); </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">请问，此程序输出结果是:</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. BaseClass</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. BassClass Class1</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. Class1</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. Class1 BassClass </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 42. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public static void Main(string[] args)</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">int i = 2000;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">object o = i;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">i = 2001;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">int j =(int) o;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">Console.WriteLine("i={0},o={1}, j={2}",i,o,j);</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. i=2001,o=2000,j=2000</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. i=2001,o=2001,,j=2001</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. i=2000,o=2001,,j=2000</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. i=2001,o=2000,j=2001</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 43. (多选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">您要创建ASP.NET应用程序用于运行AllWin公司内部的Web站点，这个应用程序包含了50个页面。您想要配置这个应用程序以便当发生一个HTTP代码错误时它可以显示一个自定义的错误页面给用户。您想要花最小的代价完成这些目标，您应该怎么做？(多选)</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 在这个应用程序的Global.asax文件中创建一个Application_Error过程去处理ASP.NET代码错误。</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 在这个应用程序的Web.config文件中创建一个applicationError节去处理ASP.NET代码错误。</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 在这个应用程序的Global.asax文件中创建一个CustomErrors事件去处理HTTP错误。</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 在这个应用程序的Web.config文件中创建一个CustomErrors节去处理HTTP错误。</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 44. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">如下程序的运行结果是：</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public abstract class A </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{ </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public A() </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{ </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">Console.WriteLine(''A''); </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">} </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public virtual void Fun() </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{ </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">Console.WriteLine("A.Fun()"); </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">} </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">} </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public class B: A </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{ </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public B() </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{ </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">Console.WriteLine(''B''); </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">} </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public new void Fun() </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{ </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">Console.WriteLine("B.Fun()"); </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">} </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public static void Main() </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{ </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">A a = new B(); </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">a.Fun(); </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">} </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">} </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. A B A.Fun() </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. A B B.Fun()</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. B A A.Fun()</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. B A B.Fun()</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 45. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">Which of these string definitions will prevent escaping on backslashes in C#?*</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. string s = #&#8221;n Test string&#8221;;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. string s = &#8220;&#8217;n Test string&#8221;;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. string s = @&#8221;n Test string&#8221;;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. string s = &#8220;n Test string&#8221;;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 46. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">Which of the following operations can you NOT perform on an ADO.NET DataSet?</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. A DataSet can be synchronised with a RecordSet.</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. A DataSet can be synchronised with the database.</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. A DataSet can be converted to XML.</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. You can infer the schema from a DataSet</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 47. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">In Object Oriented Programming, how would you describe encapsulation?</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. The conversion of one type of object to another.</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. The runtime resolution of method calls.</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. The exposition of data.</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. The separation of interface and implementation.</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 48. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">How does assembly versioning in .NET prevent DLL Hell?</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. The runtime checks to see that only one version of an assembly is on the machine at any one time.</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. .NET allows assemblies to specify the name AND the version of any assemblies they need to run.</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. The compiler offers compile time checking for backward compatibility.</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. It doesn&#8217;t.</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 49. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">三种常用的字符串判空串方法：</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1: bool isEmpty = (str.Length == 0); </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2: bool isEmpty = (str == String.Empty); </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3: bool isEmpty = (str == "");</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">哪种方法最快？</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 1</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 2</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 3</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><strong>Question 50. (单选)</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public sealed class SampleSingleton1</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">private int m_Counter = 0;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">private SampleSingleton1()</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">Console.WriteLine(""初始化SampleSingleton1。"");</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public static readonly SampleSingleton1 Singleton = new SampleSingleton1();</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">public void Counter()</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">{</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">m_Counter ++;</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">}</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">} </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">以上代码实现了设计模式中的哪种模式？</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">1. 原型</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">2. 抽象工厂</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">3. 单键</p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">4. 生成器<br><br><br>刚看完了这份试题,有些题是送分的,有些又觉得偏书面知识了,最重要的还是要看几轮面试啊!<br></p>
</div>
<img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/21575.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2007-04-10 10:02 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2007/04/10/21575.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>读我</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2007/01/05/17338.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Fri, 05 Jan 2007 10:26:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2007/01/05/17338.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/17338.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2007/01/05/17338.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>2</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/17338.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/17338.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
		<p>刚才上QQ收到了BLOG的信件,才发现很久很久没来这里了......<br />这些天看起来真的很忙,有忙不完的复习,但自己好像心思却没有放在这上面.<br />有时候觉得自己应该受一次重重的打击才好,这样也许就可以改掉一些坏毛病.不会再懒惰,不会在被一些明知道虚无飘渺的精彩所吸引!<br />如果自己现在是高中时候,一定会对现在这种生活所兴奋:很少的约束,做自己想做的事情,把学习凉在一边.但现在这种毫无规律的生活要想完成自己远大的理想 真是痴人说梦话!<br />谁帮我让我好好清醒?像我一样计算机科学技术的朋友们都快些清醒......!</p>
<img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/17338.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2007-01-05 18:26 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2007/01/05/17338.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>几部我喜欢的音乐MTV(有速度有质量)</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/11/12/15043.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Sat, 11 Nov 2006 16:06:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/11/12/15043.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/15043.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/11/12/15043.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>2</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/15043.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/15043.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
		<a href="http://www.mtvku.com/search_music.asp?keyword">http://www.mtvku.com/search_music.asp?keyword</a>=因为是女子     最让人感动 我最爱的MTV<br /><br /><a href="http://www.91flash.com/swf/1776.htm">http://www.91flash.com/swf/1776.htm</a>      <br /><br /><a href="http://www.mtvku.com/play/113.htm">http://www.mtvku.com/play/113.htm</a>             听说是<a href="http://www.mtvku.com/singer/73.htm" target="_blank"><font color="#002c99">布兰妮</font></a>禁拨过的MTV!<br /><br /><a href="http://www.mtvku.com/play/12193.htm">http://www.mtvku.com/play/12193.htm</a>         <a href="http://www.mtvku.com/singer/161.htm"><font color="#002c99">萧亚轩</font></a> 好听的歌+好看的TV<br /><br /><a href="http://www.mtvku.com/play/405.htm">http://www.mtvku.com/play/405.htm</a>            童话<br /><br /><a href="http://www.mtvku.com/play/16704.htm">http://www.mtvku.com/play/16704.htm</a>        <span class="unnamed3"><b>张学友饿狼传说MTV</b> <br /><br /><a href="http://www.mtvku.com/play/6811.htm">http://www.mtvku.com/play/6811.htm</a>          <span class="unnamed3"><b>护花使者  2个傻子追个女上的</b></span><br /><br /><a href="http://www.mtvku.com/play/7387.htm">http://www.mtvku.com/play/7387.htm</a>          颜色<br /><br /><a href="http://www.mtvku.com/play/3351.htm">http://www.mtvku.com/play/3351.htm</a>          浪漫樱花<br /><br /><a href="http://www.mtvku.com/play/10884.htm">http://www.mtvku.com/play/10884.htm</a>      Baby对不起<br /><br /><a href="http://www.mtvku.com/play/16959.htm">http://www.mtvku.com/play/16959.htm</a>     <span class="unnamed3"><b>飞轮海爱到MTV</b>  男的长得帅,嫉妒!!<br /></span><br /><a href="http://www.mtvku.com/play/11150.htm">http://www.mtvku.com/play/11150.htm</a>    好心分手<br /><br /><br />搞笑的来了!!!!!!!!!<br /><br /><a href="http://www.mtvku.com/play/17118.htm">http://www.mtvku.com/play/17118.htm</a>     中国队勇夺世界杯MTV    我日啊~~~太搞笑了!!笑死人的,我的笑声可以传到对面的楼去<br /><br /><a href="http://www.mtvku.com/play/18758.htm">http://www.mtvku.com/play/18758.htm</a>     女人不敢模仿的动作<br /><br /><a href="http://www.mtvku.com/play/18671.htm">http://www.mtvku.com/play/18671.htm</a>     QQ视频情歌对唱<br /><br /><a href="http://www.mtvku.com/play/18650.htm">http://www.mtvku.com/play/18650.htm</a>      大学生洗澡事件MTV <br /><br /><a href="http://www.mtvku.com/play/17165.htm">http://www.mtvku.com/play/17165.htm</a>      十元人民币MTV</span><img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/15043.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-11-12 00:06 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/11/12/15043.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>看得累了-&gt;暴笑一下</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/11/11/15033.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Sat, 11 Nov 2006 15:09:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/11/11/15033.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/15033.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/11/11/15033.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>2</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/15033.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/15033.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
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		<a href="http://cafe.pconline.com.cn/topic.jsp?tid=6328974">http://cafe.pconline.com.cn/topic.jsp?tid=6328974</a>
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		<a href="http://cafe.pconline.com.cn/topic.jsp?tid=6294229">http://cafe.pconline.com.cn/topic.jsp?tid=6294229</a>  <br /><img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/15033.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-11-11 23:09 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/11/11/15033.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>万圣节！</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/31/14432.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Tue, 31 Oct 2006 10:13:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/31/14432.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/14432.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/31/14432.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>2</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/14432.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/14432.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[     今天是万圣节哦，这个节日也不知道是怎么流传到中国来的！到处都有人在说，貌似比昨天的重阳节还火，魔兽世界向来不搞什么节日的，都搞起来了！  这节在外国很重要么？<br />   顺便问下，我的CTRL+SHIFT不能切换输入法了要怎么解决，那个输入法的条条也看不见了！<br /><img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/14432.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-10-31 18:13 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/31/14432.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>我要,我要喊"我不爽,我很不爽"</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/14/13682.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Sat, 14 Oct 2006 11:57:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/14/13682.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/13682.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/14/13682.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>3</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/13682.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/13682.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
		<p> "我不爽~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~    你们听得到么"<br />  这星期---魔鬼送我的一星期..<br />  各种古怪的事情一一发生在我身上:各种丢丑的事,各种尴尬的局面,各种困难.缺点不足 全都暴发了.....<br />   我想我不气馁,我不颓废,这是应该的.<br />   "魔鬼你爱我么? 爱我请远离我"<br />                                                         10.14<br />     </p>
<img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/13682.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-10-14 19:57 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/14/13682.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>微软、GOOGLE面试怪问题</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/12/13611.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Thu, 12 Oct 2006 11:43:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/12/13611.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/13611.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/12/13611.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>4</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/13611.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/13611.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
		<strong>一、美国有多少辆汽车——微软<br /><br /></strong>谜语类试题：美国有多少辆汽车?<br /><br />张兵(复旦大学管理学院)：这道试题并不难，我想它可能只是想考察一下应聘者的应变能力，即在短时间内快速应对不规范问题的能力。我当时的回答是：美国有多少人？这些人里又有多少人会开车？而会开车的人里又有多少有这样的经济能力可以购买汽车？可以购买汽车的人里是不是都已经买了？这些问题解决了，那答案自然就知道了。<br /><br />企业回复:很明显，这是一道答案开放的试题。它是为了考察应聘者能否对一个问题进行符合逻辑的创造性思考，并迅速通过这种思考寻求到解决问题的办法。至于答案，我们显然并不关心。这两道题的指向性很明显，应聘者是否能在很短的时间里对出其不意的问题做出反应，并能够有逻辑地回答这样的问题，我们同样希望能够得到出其不意的答案。有不少人通过在网上搜集这种试题来准备答案，显然违背了企业的本意，大家要记住：重复的答案都不是好答案。<br /><br /><strong>二、 到底有几条病狗——IBM<br /><br /></strong>题目：<br /><br />村子里有50个人，每人有一条狗。在这50条狗中有病狗(这种病不会传染)。于是人们就要找出病狗。每个人可以观察其他的49条狗，以判断它们是否生病，只有自己的狗不能看。观察后得到的结果不得交流，也不能通知病狗的主人。主人一旦推算出自己家的是病狗就要枪毙自己的狗，而且每个人只有权利枪毙自己的狗，没有权利打死其他人的狗。第一天，第二天都没有枪响。到了第三天传来一阵枪声，问有几条病狗，如何推算得出？<br /><br />小朱(华南理工大学生物系)：我用自己随身携带的笔在纸上划了一下，把各种关系用图和箭头进行了标注。<br /><br />第一种推论：<br /><br />1.假设有1条病狗，病狗的主人会看到其他狗都没有病，那么就知道自己的狗有病，所以第一天晚上就会有枪响。因为没有枪响，说明病狗数大于1。<br /><br />2.假设有2条病狗，病狗的主人会看到有1条病狗，因为第一天没有听到枪响，说明病狗数大于1，所以病狗的主人会知道自己的狗是病狗，因而第二天会有枪响。既然第二天也没有枪响，说明病狗数大于2。 由此推理，如果第三天枪响，则有3条病狗。 
<p>第二种推论：<br /><br />1.如果为1条病狗，第一天那条狗必死，因为狗主人没看到病狗，但病狗存在。<br /><br />2.若为2条病狗，狗主人为a、b。 a看到一条病狗，b也看到一条病狗，但a看到b的病狗没死故知狗数不为1，而其他人没病狗，所以自己的狗必为病狗，故开枪；而b的想法与a一样，故也开枪。由此，为2时，第一天后2条狗必死。<br /><br />3.若为3条病狗，狗主人为a、b、c。 a第一天看到2条病狗，若a设自己的不是病狗，由推理2，第二天看时，那2条狗没死，故狗数肯定不是2，而其他人没病狗，所以自己的狗必为病狗，故开枪；而b和c的想法与a一样，故也开枪。由此，为3时，第二天后3条狗必死。<br /><br />4.余下即为递推了，由n-1推出n。答案：n为4。第四天看时，狗已死了，但是在第三天死的，故答案是3条。<br /><br />企业回复：这样的问题考察人的思维严密性和思维活跃性。小朱同学的回答当时很让我们感到吃惊，他能在这样的环境下保持冷静的头脑，确实很难得。</p><img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/13611.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-10-12 19:43 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/12/13611.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>C/C++ 程序设计员应聘常见面试试题深入剖析(转)</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/12/13610.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Thu, 12 Oct 2006 11:19:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/12/13610.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/13610.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/12/13610.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>6</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/13610.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/13610.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
		<strong>1.引言</strong>
		<br />
		<br />　　本文的写作目的并不在于提供C/C++程序员求职面试指导，而旨在从技术上分析面试题的内涵。文中的大多数面试题来自各大论坛，部分试题解答也参考了网友的意见。<br /><br />　　许多面试题看似简单，却需要深厚的基本功才能给出完美的解答。企业要求面试者写一个最简单的strcpy函数都可看出面试者在技术上究竟达到了怎样的程度，我们能真正写好一个strcpy函数吗？我们都觉得自己能，可是我们写出的strcpy很可能只能拿到10分中的2分。读者可从本文看到strcpy函数从2分到10分解答的例子，看看自己属于什么样的层次。此外，还有一些面试题考查面试者敏捷的思维能力。 <br /><br />　　分析这些面试题，本身包含很强的趣味性；而作为一名研发人员，通过对这些面试题的深入剖析则可进一步增强自身的内功。<br /><br /><strong>　　2.找错题</strong><br /><br />　　试题1：<br /><br /><code>void test1()<br />{<br />　char string[10];<br />　char* str1 = "0123456789";<br />　strcpy( string, str1 );<br />}</code><br />　　试题2：<br /><br /><code>void test2()<br />{<br />　char string[10], str1[10];<br />　int i;<br />　for(i=0; i&lt;10; i++)<br />　{<br />　　str1[i] = 'a';<br />　}<br />　strcpy( string, str1 );<br />}</code><br />　　试题3：<br /><br /><code>void test3(char* str1)<br />{<br />　char string[10];<br />　if( strlen( str1 ) &lt;= 10 )<br />　{<br />　　strcpy( string, str1 );<br />　}<br />}</code><br />　　解答：<br /><br />　　试题1字符串str1需要11个字节才能存放下（包括末尾的’\0’），而string只有10个字节的空间，strcpy会导致数组越界；<br /><br />　　对试题2，如果面试者指出字符数组str1不能在数组内结束可以给3分；如果面试者指出strcpy(string, str1)调用使得从str1内存起复制到string内存起所复制的字节数具有不确定性可以给7分，在此基础上指出库函数strcpy工作方式的给10分；<br /><br />　　对试题3，if(strlen(str1) &lt;= 10)应改为if(strlen(str1) &lt; 10)，因为strlen的结果未统计’\0’所占用的1个字节。<br /><br />　　剖析：<br /><br />　　考查对基本功的掌握：<br /><br />　　(1)字符串以’\0’结尾；<br /><br />　　(2)对数组越界把握的敏感度；<br /><br />　　(3)库函数strcpy的工作方式，如果编写一个标准strcpy函数的总分值为10，下面给出几个不同得分的答案：<br /><br />　　2分<br /><br /><code>void strcpy( char *strDest, char *strSrc )<br />{<br />　 while( (*strDest++ = * strSrc++) != ‘\0’ );<br />}</code><br />　　4分<br /><br /><code>void strcpy( char *strDest, const char *strSrc ) <br />//将源字符串加const，表明其为输入参数，加2分<br />{<br />　 while( (*strDest++ = * strSrc++) != ‘\0’ );<br />}</code><br />　　7分<br /><br /><code>void strcpy(char *strDest, const char *strSrc) <br />{<br />　//对源地址和目的地址加非0断言，加3分<br />　assert( (strDest != NULL) &amp;&amp; (strSrc != NULL) );<br />　while( (*strDest++ = * strSrc++) != ‘\0’ );<br />}</code><br />　　10分<br /><br /><code>//为了实现链式操作，将目的地址返回，加3分！<br /><br />char * strcpy( char *strDest, const char *strSrc ) <br />{<br />　assert( (strDest != NULL) &amp;&amp; (strSrc != NULL) );<br />　char *address = strDest; <br />　while( (*strDest++ = * strSrc++) != ‘\0’ ); <br />　　return address;<br />}</code><br />　　从2分到10分的几个答案我们可以清楚的看到，小小的strcpy竟然暗藏着这么多玄机，真不是盖的！需要多么扎实的基本功才能写一个完美的strcpy啊！<br /><br />　　(4)对strlen的掌握，它没有包括字符串末尾的'\0'。<br /><br />　　读者看了不同分值的strcpy版本，应该也可以写出一个10分的strlen函数了，完美的版本为： int strlen( const char *str ) //输入参数const<br /><br /><code>{<br />　assert( strt != NULL ); //断言字符串地址非0<br />　int len;<br />　while( (*str++) != '\0' ) <br />　{ <br />　　len++; <br />　} <br />　return len;<br />}</code><br />　　试题4：<br /><br /><code>void GetMemory( char *p )<br />{<br />　p = (char *) malloc( 100 );<br />}<br /><br />void Test( void ) <br />{<br />　char *str = NULL;<br />　GetMemory( str ); <br />　strcpy( str, "hello world" );<br />　printf( str );<br />}</code><br />　　试题5：<br /><br /><code>char *GetMemory( void )<br />{ <br />　char p[] = "hello world"; <br />　return p; <br />}<br /><br />void Test( void )<br />{ <br />　char *str = NULL; <br />　str = GetMemory(); <br />　printf( str ); <br />}</code><br />　　试题6：<br /><br /><code>void GetMemory( char **p, int num )<br />{<br />　*p = (char *) malloc( num );<br />}<br /><br />void Test( void )<br />{<br />　char *str = NULL;<br />　GetMemory( &amp;str, 100 );<br />　strcpy( str, "hello" ); <br />　printf( str ); <br />}</code><br />　　试题7：<br /><br /><code>void Test( void )<br />{<br />　char *str = (char *) malloc( 100 );<br />　strcpy( str, "hello" );<br />　free( str ); <br />　... //省略的其它语句<br />}</code><br />　　解答：<br /><br />　　试题4传入中GetMemory( char *p )函数的形参为字符串指针，在函数内部修改形参并不能真正的改变传入形参的值，执行完<br /><br /><code>char *str = NULL;<br />GetMemory( str ); </code><br />　　后的str仍然为NULL；<br /><br />　　试题5中<br /><br /><code>char p[] = "hello world"; <br />return p; </code><br />　　的p[]数组为函数内的局部自动变量，在函数返回后，内存已经被释放。这是许多程序员常犯的错误，其根源在于不理解变量的生存期。<br /><br />　　试题6的GetMemory避免了试题4的问题，传入GetMemory的参数为字符串指针的指针，但是在GetMemory中执行申请内存及赋值语句<br /><br /><code>*p = (char *) malloc( num );</code><br />　　后未判断内存是否申请成功，应加上：<br /><br /><code>if ( *p == NULL )<br />{<br />　...//进行申请内存失败处理<br />}</code><br />　　试题7存在与试题6同样的问题，在执行<br /><br /><code>char *str = (char *) malloc(100);</code><br />　　后未进行内存是否申请成功的判断；另外，在free(str)后未置str为空，导致可能变成一个“野”指针，应加上：<br /><br /><code>str = NULL;</code><br />　　试题6的Test函数中也未对malloc的内存进行释放。<br /><br />　　剖析：<br /><br />　　试题4～7考查面试者对内存操作的理解程度，基本功扎实的面试者一般都能正确的回答其中50~60的错误。但是要完全解答正确，却也绝非易事。<br /><br />　　对内存操作的考查主要集中在：<br /><br />　　（1）指针的理解；<br /><br />　　（2）变量的生存期及作用范围；<br /><br />　　（3）良好的动态内存申请和释放习惯。<br /><br />　　再看看下面的一段程序有什么错误：<br /><br /><code>swap( int* p1,int* p2 )<br />{<br />　int *p;<br />　*p = *p1;<br />　*p1 = *p2;<br />　*p2 = *p;<br />}</code><br />　　在swap函数中，p是一个“野”指针，有可能指向系统区，导致程序运行的崩溃。在VC++中DEBUG运行时提示错误“Access Violation”。该程序应该改为：<br /><br /><code>swap( int* p1,int* p2 )<br />{<br />　int p;<br />　p = *p1;<br />　*p1 = *p2;<br />　*p2 = p;<br />}</code><img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/13610.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-10-12 19:19 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/12/13610.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>KMP算法详解(NEXT数组修正的补充)</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/11/13579.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Wed, 11 Oct 2006 10:52:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/11/13579.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/13579.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/11/13579.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>2</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/13579.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/13579.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
		<font color="#ff0000">
				<font color="#000000">昨天在文章中提到了修正,没有给出解释.今天进行补充.让我们先来看看我的好友写的吧!<br /></font>
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				<br />程序没有使用一个数组来保存未修正时的NEXT值 而直接用J来充当这个功能 但是J是由NEXT（已修正）得来的 那么有没有可能J得不到正确的值？<br /></font>这个问题最先是我自己想的 后来验证了一下 J一定能够得到正确的值<br />下面我们来分析一下<br /><font color="#3366ff">下标                         0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 1213<br />目标串                     0  1  0  0  1  0  1  0  1  0  0   0   0  1<br />j(未修正的next)       -1 0  0  1  1  2  3  2  3  2  3   4   1  1<br />修正了的next          -1 0 -1  1  0 -1  3 -1 3 -1  0  4   1   0</font><br />让我们看看但模式串比较到了12位的时候（下标为11）<br />next[11] = 4; next[4] = 0; j|4 = 1...<br />这时候next[4]拿到的并不是正确的J值！！！<br />这会导致什么？会导致略过一个比较 即p[11]与p[1]的比较被略过！直接比较了p[11]与p[0]！<br />是否可以略过这个比较？！<br />答案是肯定的.<br />根据逻辑推理 如果p[11]与p[4]不等 而p[4] = p[1]那么p[11]与p[1]一定不等 所以可以略过<br />这样说似乎很牵强 我们再回想一下NEXT数组的意义 即当我们比较到i位时不等 应该由哪一位重新开始比较 而实际上 这个过程相当于在 7-11的这个串中查找0-3！所以根据NEXT数组的意义 我们也可以知道 这里并不会导致错误 由于被略去的比较一定不需比较 因此 J始终可以得到正确的未修正的NEXT值！<br />////////////////////////引用自室友 &lt;KMP算法浅析&gt;<a href="/sicheng/archive/2006/10/10/13537.html">http://www.cppblog.com/sicheng/archive/2006/10/10/13537.html</a>////////////<br /><br />上面的例子很经典! 这里我也写点容易的,给和我一样理解能力不强的笨苯 OHOH!<br /><br /><font color="#006400">看这个例子:<br />                     p = "aaaba"  , t = "aaabbaaaaaaaba"<br /><br />                                        a  a  a  b  b  a  a  a  a  a  a  a  b  a<br /> <br />                                        a  a  a  b  a                         (第一次)<br /><br />                                            a  a  a  b  a                     (第二次)<br /><br />                                                              ...............<br /><br />                                                                           a  a  a  b  a (成功匹配)<br /><br />      1.为什么要进行修正?  我们把next数组比喻成第一次比较.  在第一次比较中,比较失败的是"第"4个字符a,这表明前4个字符是成功的!" 而p中的b的前3个字符并没有出现b",也就是说在下一趟比较中,至少应该将p向右移动4个字符;因此得到了未修正的next值=4 .<br />      2.而实际上,p的头个字符与最后一个字符是一样的(a).也就是说如果按照上面所说的4进行移位,再从p的头个字符开始比较同样肯定是不等的(将会出现下面的情况)<br />                                        a  a  a  b  b  a  a  a  a  a  a  a  b  a<br /> <br />                                        a  a  a  b  a                         (第一次)<br /><br />                                                       a  a  a  b  a          (这次第一个字符a  和 第一次比较最后一个字符是一样的,因此移4位肯定也不等)<br /><br />得出结论是:应该将p向右移动五位. 再从p的头个字符进行比较.<br /><br />     3.所以说对于某个字符串,在算出next[i]的值后,不一定会得到"最快速的移动位数).拿上面的例子说,第2次其实移4和5位其实最后都能比较出正确答案.但移5位最好(得到休整值最好).<br /><br />  怎样计算修正的值,就去看我同学的连接吧,写得很清楚,不知道上面我是否写清楚了(嘿嘿),我尽力了!!!!! <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></font><img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/13579.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-10-11 18:52 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/11/13579.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>终生学习的内容</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/10/13548.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Tue, 10 Oct 2006 14:22:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/10/13548.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/13548.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/10/13548.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/13548.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/13548.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
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				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">15%</span>
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">要依靠人际关系、外世技巧。软与硬是相对而言的。专业的技术是硬本领，善于处理人际关系的交际本领则是软本领。</span>
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				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,</span>
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">，企业内部倡导的团队精神、沟通能力，商战竞争讲究双赢，讲究共同把蛋糕做大，无不例外地重视</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">合</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。</span>
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">很多成功人士都是自本领与合本领高度和合的人。</span>
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">自己成功，也让别人成功</span>
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">被誉为万世完人的曾国藩，他非常重视发展自本领</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">――</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">在当官期间还要苦学苦研，坚持每日精读十页史书。同时，又特别重视提高合本领</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">――</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">勤于修身，提高待人的本领。本来他的合要领并不怎样，生性爱发脾气，又有评头品足、议人长短的毛病，常与人发生矛盾。但是，通过全面严格、艰苦卓绝的修炼，修炼出了豁达大度的胸怀，才引得天下人才聚集在他身边而依附于他。蒋介石曾经说：曾国藩自成功，也让别人成功；他自己发财，也让别人发财。仅这一点，值得我们学习。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">自己成功，也让别人成功。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">，这是合作的境界，也可看出曾国藩在合本领上造诣之深。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">大凡有大本领、有大气候的成功者，无不是既有高强的自本领，又有高强的合本领的人。他们不仅是能自立自强、自有才干、自有头脑、自有风骨的人。同时又是能够与众相融、善于合作、善于借力之人。</span>
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						<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">兵本领和将本领</span>
				</b>
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">兵本领即本行业的技术本领；将本领即管理、领导本领。通常情况下，任何人都有一定的兵本领、将本领，只不过本领的类型不同、能量不同。如韩信有将兵本领，刘邦则有将本领。</span>
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵</span>
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">光靠自己一个人的兵本领，只能成小事，无法完成大事。随着社会分工的越来越细，一个项目常需十几个人、几十个人参与、合作，如果管理不好，组织不好，那么很多很多的事情都是没办法做成的。所以，在任何时候、任何环境里，我们都应该有意识地培养自己的将本领</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">――</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">领导才能。</span>
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						<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">感同身受</span>
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				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">有的人可能会说：我一心当将，有将本领就行了，干嘛还要兵本领？殊不知，要有扎实的将本领，也需要有一定的兵本领。从当兵干起，才能最了解实际情况，才能更好地领导、更好地组织和管理。很多家族企业培养掌舵的接班人，也断不会让他一来就坐上当将的位置，而是要一步一步地从基层开始。一个将军，如果是老兵出身，就更能熟悉士兵各个方面的情况，更好地带兵、领兵。一个领导，要指挥手下的专业技术人员，如果对本专业十分精通，就能避免瞎指挥，就能更好地领导。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">因此，兵本领与将本领和合才最为理想。比如世界首富比尔</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">·</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">盖茨，他在电脑软件技术上达到了极高的造诣，是一个人所共认的软件奇才。同时，他又善于管理，善于领导一个高能人才集团。</span>
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						<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">民族化与国际化</span>
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				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">把金苹果奖给中国人</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">作为中国人，首先要发掘、学习并且善于利用传统文化的精髓。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">中华民族是一个优秀的民族，伏尔泰称赞中国人</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">在所有的人中是最有理性的人</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。莱布尼茨说：</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">如果由哲人担任裁判的话，那么一定会把金苹果奖给中国人</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。享誉近代的《人权宣言》，摘引《论语》的</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">己所不欲，勿施于人</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">，至今仍在法国宪法中熠熠生辉。美国前总统里根在旧金山纪念孔子诞辰的纪念会上演讲时说：</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">孔子的学说世代相传，揭示全世界人类丰富的为人处世原则。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">孔的核心思想就是以诚待人，尊重人、帮助人。这最能促进人际关系乃至人际关系的和谐，圣言虽然经过岁月磨砺，仍能光照四海。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">中国的谋略智慧的伟大更是举世公认的。《孙子兵法》虽然已经有</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2500</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">多年的历史了，却具有穿透时空的强大的生命力，至今仍然风行世界，誉滿全球，对整个世界产生着巨大的影响。美国的国防大学、西点军校都把《孙子兵法》作为必修课，日本也将之奉为圭臬，日本公司培训高级员工主要就是学习《孙子兵法》。</span>
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						<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">智慧在中国人的脑袋里</span>
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				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">在美国流传一句俗语：金钱在犹太人的口袋里，智慧在中国人的脑袋里。据统计，美国著名大学中三分之一的系主任是美籍华人；美国机械工程学会有</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">19</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">个分会主席是美籍华人；美国最大的电脑计算机企业</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">——</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">国际商业机器公司（</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">IBM</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">）生产了世界上</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">60%</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">左右的计算机，该公司高级工程师中三分之一是美籍华人，</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">800</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">名高级科研人员中，</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">55%</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">是美籍华人；阿波罗登月工程中三分之一高级工程师是美籍华人；美国的许多行业中都有出类拔萃的华人。在科学界，物理学家杨振宁、李政道、丁肇中、朱棣文获诺贝尔奖，数学家林家巩是美国最大的学会</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">――</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">应用数学学会的会长，数学家陈省身是美国数学会国际数学学会的前会长，女物理学家吴健雄曾是美国物理学会主席，贝聿铭是美国和世界最著名的建筑权威，林同英是美　国和全世界最著名的桥梁权威，高锟博土是美国国际电话电报光导纤维通讯研究的首席顾问，美国九大金融财团，华人金融财团就占了</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">个；国际五大远洋轮船公司，华人办的远洋轮船公司就占了</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">个</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">……<br /><br /><br /></span>
				<b>
						<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">不读《三国》，不算中国人</span>
				</b>
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">毛泽东说不读《三国》，不算中国人；日本的企业家自称一手拿算盘，一手拿《论语》而使企业经营获得了巨大成功；台湾日前在全省范围内掀起了读经背经的高潮；而我们却把一切都聚焦在英语、托福上，鲜少认识到传统文化的价值，这岂不是很可惜吗？</span>
				<b>
						<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
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				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<br />
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">世界通用的中国人</span>
				<b>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<br />
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">在全球化时代，要更好的生存与发展，必须具备适应国际大舞台、融入国际大舞台的素质。因此，非国际化不可，国际化的内涵很多，要具有国际化的语言、国际化的知识、国际化的思想、国际化的观念、国际化的意识、国际化的精神。</span>
				<b>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<br />
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">要做国际化的人，首先要有极强的国际语言沟通能力。</span>
				<b>
						<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<br />
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">再有一种能力，就是合作能力，特别是多文化的团队合作能力。</span>
				<b>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<br />
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">国际化的方式很多，不仅可以出国，而且在国内也可进行国际化</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">――</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">学好英语，学好国外的先进科学技术和先进思想文化。通过译著，通过互联网，通过国内的外企、合资企业等等，都可以培养国际化的素质。</span>
				<b>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<br />
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">时代既给我们提供了前所未有的机遇，又给我们前所未有的挑战。</span>
				<b>
						<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
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				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<br />
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">日本的教育目标是培养</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">世界通用的日本人</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">，同样，我们每一个人都应当成为</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> “</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">世界通用的中国人</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<br />
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">总之，我们既应当真正成为一个合格的中国人，即民族化的中国人；又应当是国际化的中国人。既掌握了我们本民族的一切优秀思想文化，又掌握了全世界的整个先进思想文化。这是我们迎接时代的挑战，成为新世纪所需要的高能人才的必由之路。</span>
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				<b>
						<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">通专和合</span>
				</b>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">掌握</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">狡兔三窟</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的应变本领</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<br />
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">随着时代的发展，科学越来越呈高度综合化的趋势，再加上知识陈旧的加速，只专已经行不通了。今天的各个行业职业变换异常频繁，每个行业都有它的成长期、成熟期、衰退期。一到衰退期，行业内大批人员都面临被淘汰的命运。据统计，美国人以前一生平均得变</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2.5</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">个职业。每个人更不可能</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">从一而终</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">，新时代需要有</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">狡兔三窟</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的应变本领。</span>
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				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
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				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">通才的综合素质高，能够轻松地通达各个领域，转换领域非常容易，能够很快适应新的行业、新的职务。</span>
				<b>
						<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
								<o:p>
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				</b>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<br />
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">通才，不是精通一切，通晓一切，而是要具有通达一切的才能。换句话说，就是在一切本领。才能中，要特别重视那些能够</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">一通百通</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的本领和才能。哪些是一通百通的本领呢？主要是学习能力、思维能力、创造能力。无论谁，无论你专攻何种领域，都必须善于学习、善于思维、善于创造。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<br />
						<br />
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						<b>“T”</b>
				</span>
				<b>
						<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">字型结构</span>
				</b>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<br />
						<br />
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">胡适有一段精辟的分析：理想中的学者，既能博大，又能精深。精深的方面，是他的专门学问，博大的方面则是他的旁搜博览。做</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">金字塔型结构</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的人，做</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“T</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">字型结构</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的人，博大与精深和合，通才与专才和合。</span>
				<b>
						<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
								<o:p>
								</o:p>
						</span>
				</b>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<br />
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">鲁迅先生有句名言：博识家的话多浅，专门家的话多悖。</span>
				<b>
						<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
								<o:p>
								</o:p>
						</span>
				</b>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<br />
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">光是通，容易浅薄，不能精深</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">;</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">光是专，容易变得陕隘、局限，甚至发出令人可笑的悖论。</span>
				<b>
						<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
								<o:p>
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				</b>
		</p>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
		</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">因此，应</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">“</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">通</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">与</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">“</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">专</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">和合。</span>
<img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/13548.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-10-10 22:22 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/10/13548.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>KMP算法初学</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/10/13543.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Tue, 10 Oct 2006 13:58:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/10/13543.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/13543.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/10/13543.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>15</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/13543.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/13543.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
		<p align="justify">
				<font face="宋体">             KMP</font>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">匹配算法是由<span lang="EN-US"> "Knuth  Morris  Pratt"  </span>提出的一种快速的模式匹配算法<span lang="EN-US">. (</span>串<span lang="EN-US">)<br /><br /><br />1.待解决的问题<span lang="EN-US">: </span>假设<span lang="EN-US">P</span>为给定的子串<span lang="EN-US">,T</span>是待查找的字符串<span lang="EN-US">,</span>要求从<span lang="EN-US">T</span>中找出与<span lang="EN-US">P</span>相同的所有子串<span lang="EN-US">,</span>这称为模式匹配问题<span lang="EN-US">. (</span>可以给出子串在<span lang="EN-US">T</span>中的位置<span lang="EN-US">) (</span>下文中提</span>到的<span lang="EN-US">P</span>和<span lang="EN-US">T</span>分别为子串和目标串<span lang="EN-US">)<br /><br /></span>让我们先来看个例题<span lang="EN-US">:<br /><br />T:   t<sub>0</sub>      t<sub>1</sub>     t<sub>2</sub>      t<sub>3</sub> .... t<sub>m-1</sub> ... t<sub>n-1</sub><br /><br />P:   p<sub>0</sub>      p<sub>1</sub>     p<sub>2</sub>      p<sub>3 </sub>.....p<sub>m-1</sub>          <br /></span>                                                <br /><br />从<span lang="EN-US">T</span>的最左边开始比较<span lang="EN-US">,</span>使得<span lang="EN-US"> T<sub>K</sub> = P<sub>K</sub>  , </span>则匹配成功<span lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /?><o:p></o:p></span></span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
				</span>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left">
				<br />2.<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">解决模式匹配问题的方案<span lang="EN-US">:<br /><br />A:  </span>朴素的模式匹配算法<span lang="EN-US">(</span>思路简单<span lang="EN-US">,</span>但不够简便时间长 有回溯<span lang="EN-US">) : </span>最简单和最直接的做法<span lang="EN-US">.</span>用<span lang="EN-US">P</span>中的字符依次与<span lang="EN-US">T</span>中的字符进行比较 遇到不相等的字符<span lang="EN-US">,</span>则可将<span lang="EN-US">P</span>右移一个字符<span lang="EN-US">,</span>从新进行比较<span lang="EN-US">,</span>直到某次匹配成功或者到达<span lang="EN-US">P</span>的最右字符移出<span lang="EN-US">T</span>为止<span lang="EN-US">.<br /><br /></span>如<span lang="EN-US">: </span>若<span lang="EN-US">P="aaaba", T="aaabbaaaba", </span>则匹配过程如下图<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /> T:     a   a   a   b   b   a   a   a   b  a<br /> P:     a   a   a   b   a                                                                 </span><span lang="EN-US"><br />            a   a   a   b   a                 <br /></span><span lang="EN-US">                                .....<br /></span><span lang="EN-US">                            a   a   a   b  a           </span><span lang="EN-US"> <br /><br /></span>从上不难分析<span lang="EN-US">,</span>最坏的情况是<span lang="EN-US">"</span>每次比较都在最后一个字符出现不等<span lang="EN-US">,</span>每趟最多比较<span lang="EN-US">M</span>次<span lang="EN-US">,</span>最多比较<span lang="EN-US">N-M+1</span>趟<span lang="EN-US">,</span>总的比较次数最多为<span lang="EN-US">M*(N-M+1)" ,</span>时间复杂性为<span lang="EN-US">0(M*N). </span>在<span lang="EN-US">P</span>右移一位时<span lang="EN-US">,</span>不管上一趟比较的中间结果是什么<span lang="EN-US">,</span>因此回溯是不可避免的<span lang="EN-US">(</span>如<span lang="EN-US">: </span>前<span lang="EN-US">3</span>个<span lang="EN-US">aaa </span>不需要一位一位的移<span lang="EN-US"> ) .</span>下面我来介绍无回溯的<span lang="EN-US">KMP</span>算法<span lang="EN-US">.<br /><br /><br />3.KMP</span>算法解决匹配中哪些主要问题<span lang="EN-US">:  <br />A.</span>当字符串比较出现不等时<span lang="EN-US">,</span>确定下一趟比较前 应该将<span lang="EN-US">P</span>右移多少个字符<span lang="EN-US">;  <br />B. P</span>右移后<span lang="EN-US">,</span>应该从哪个字符开始和<span lang="EN-US">T</span>中刚才比较时不等的那个字符继续开始比较<span lang="EN-US">.<br /><br />    </span>我们通过朴素模式匹配的例子来引出问题<span lang="EN-US">. </span>在第一次比较过程中失败的是<span lang="EN-US">P</span>的第<span lang="EN-US">4</span>个字符<span lang="EN-US">b,</span>这表明<span lang="EN-US">P</span>的前<span lang="EN-US">4</span>个字符是成功的<span lang="EN-US">.</span>模式<span lang="EN-US">P</span>的第<span lang="EN-US">3</span>个字符<span lang="EN-US">b</span>在它的前<span lang="EN-US">3</span>个字符<span lang="EN-US">(aaa)</span>中并未出现<span lang="EN-US">.</span>因此<span lang="EN-US">,</span>在下一次比较时候<span lang="EN-US">,</span>至少要将<span lang="EN-US">P</span>向后移<span lang="EN-US">4</span>个字符<span lang="EN-US">; </span>再看<span lang="EN-US">P</span>的第一个字符与最后一个字符是相同的因此将<span lang="EN-US">P</span>右移<span lang="EN-US">4</span>个字符后 再从第一个字符比较 可定也是不等的<span lang="EN-US">.  </span>综上所诉<span lang="EN-US">:</span>应该将<span lang="EN-US">P</span>右移<span lang="EN-US">5</span>个字符 再从<span lang="EN-US">P</span>的第<span lang="EN-US">0</span>个字符和<span lang="EN-US">T</span>的第<span lang="EN-US">5</span>个字符开始比较<span lang="EN-US">!<br /><br />KMP</span>算法核心<span lang="EN-US">: KMP</span>算法借助于一个辅助数组<span lang="EN-US">next</span>来确定当匹配过程中出现不等时<span lang="EN-US">,</span>模式<span lang="EN-US">P</span>右移的位置和开始比较的位置<span lang="EN-US">.next[i]</span>的取值只与模式<span lang="EN-US">P</span>本身的前<span lang="EN-US">i+1</span>项有关<span lang="EN-US">,</span>而与目标<span lang="EN-US">T</span>无关<span lang="EN-US">.     </span>匹配过程中遇到<span lang="EN-US">Pi</span>不等于<span lang="EN-US">Tj</span>时<span lang="EN-US">,</span>若<span lang="EN-US">next[i]&gt;=0,</span>则应将<span lang="EN-US">P</span>右移<span lang="EN-US">i-next[i]</span>位个字符<span lang="EN-US">,</span>用<span lang="EN-US">P</span>中的第<span lang="EN-US">next[i]</span>个字符与<span lang="EN-US">Tj </span>进行比较<span lang="EN-US">;</span>若<span lang="EN-US">:next[i]= -1,P</span>中的任何字符都不必再与<span lang="EN-US">Tj</span>比较<span lang="EN-US">,</span>而应将<span lang="EN-US">P</span>右移<span lang="EN-US">i+1</span>个字符<span lang="EN-US">,</span>从<span lang="EN-US">P0</span>和<span lang="EN-US">Tj+1</span>从新开始下一轮比较<span lang="EN-US">(</span>可能不太好理解<span lang="EN-US">,</span>自己找个例子<span lang="EN-US">,</span>对着话一句一句试试看<span lang="EN-US">)<br /> <br />  </span>因此只要计算出与模式<span lang="EN-US">P</span>相关的<span lang="EN-US">next</span>数组<span lang="EN-US">,</span>按上面的含义<span lang="EN-US">,</span>就可以很容易地给出串的匹配算法<span lang="EN-US">.(</span>问题就这样转化了<span lang="EN-US">)<br /><br /> C.next</span>的计算<span lang="EN-US">:  </span>以<span lang="EN-US">P = " 01001010100001"</span>为例<span lang="EN-US">.<br /><br />  i   :            0   1   2   3   4   5   6    .....  <br />  P   :            0   1   0   0   1   0   1    .....<br /><br /> j(next[i]) :     -1   0   0   1   1   2   3    .....</span><br />修正<span lang="EN-US">(next[i])  :  -1   0  -1   1   0  -1   3    .....<br /></span>例子中的<span lang="EN-US">j(next[i])</span>为未修正前的<span lang="EN-US">next</span>数组<span lang="EN-US">(</span>关于修正我会在下次提到<span lang="EN-US">).<br /></span>如<span lang="EN-US">1:</span>我们要算<span lang="EN-US">next[2]</span>的值<span lang="EN-US">,</span>有关的为<span lang="EN-US">P</span>本身的前<span lang="EN-US">2</span>个字符<span lang="EN-US">0,1.   </span>在字符串<span lang="EN-US">01</span>中<span lang="EN-US">,</span>寻找出<span lang="EN-US">   "</span>左右相同的最大字符串<span lang="EN-US">,</span>此字符串所含字符的个数就为<span lang="EN-US">next[i]</span>的值<span lang="EN-US">"</span>而<span lang="EN-US">0</span>不等于<span lang="EN-US">1,</span>相同字符串不存在<span lang="EN-US">,</span>所以<span lang="EN-US">next[i] = 0;<br /><br /></span>如<span lang="EN-US">2:</span>我们要算<span lang="EN-US">next[6]</span>的值<span lang="EN-US">,</span>有关的为<span lang="EN-US">P</span>本身前<span lang="EN-US">6</span>个字符<span lang="EN-US">010010  </span>此字符串中<span lang="EN-US">010 = 010<br /></span>左右相同的最大字符串为<span lang="EN-US">010,</span>个数为<span lang="EN-US">3.</span>所以<span lang="EN-US">next[i]=3;<br /><br /></span>如<span lang="EN-US">3:</span>我们要算<span lang="EN-US">next[5]</span>的值<span lang="EN-US">,</span>有关的为<span lang="EN-US">P</span>本身前<span lang="EN-US">5</span>个字符<span lang="EN-US">01001 </span>此字符串中<span lang="EN-US"> 01=01 </span>左右相同的最大字符串为<span lang="EN-US">01,</span>个数为2<span lang="EN-US">.</span>所以<span lang="EN-US">next[i]=2;<br /><br /></span><br />通过上面的例子大家应该有所了解了<span lang="EN-US">,</span>有什么问题可以留言给我<span lang="EN-US">.<br /><br />                       <br /><br />             <br />             KMP</span>的算法<span lang="EN-US">     VC++6.0<br /><br /> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Cmystring::GenKMPNext(int *next, CMyString *s) <o:p></o:p></span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">{ int i=0; j=-1; <o:p></o:p></span>
		</p>
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				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">   </span>next[0]=-1; <o:p></o:p></span>
		</p>
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				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>while(i&lt;s-&gt;length) <o:p></o:p></span>
		</p>
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				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>{ <o:p></o:p></span>
		</p>
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				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>while(j&gt;=0&amp;&amp;s-&gt;str[i]!=s-&gt;str[j]) <o:p></o:p></span>
		</p>
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				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">     </span>j=next[j]; <o:p></o:p></span>
		</p>
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				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">   </span>i++;j++; <o:p></o:p></span>
		</p>
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				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">   </span>if(s-&gt;str[i]==s-&gt;str[j]) <o:p></o:p></span>
		</p>
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				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
						<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">      </span>next[i]=next[j];<br />  else<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>next[i]=j;} <o:p></o:p></span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 28pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">} <br /><br /><br />///////////////////</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">串类的<span lang="EN-US">find()</span>方法<span lang="EN-US"> KMP</span>匹配算法<span lang="EN-US">////////////////////////<br />int CMyString::find(const CMyString *S)<br />{<br />    int i , j , *next = new int[s-&gt;length];<br />    GenKMPNext(next, s);<br />    for(i= 0,j=0;i&lt; s-&gt;length&amp;&amp;j&lt;length;)<br />    {<br />        if( s-&gt;str[i] = =str[j] ) { i++ , j++;}<br />        else<br />            if(next[i] &gt;=0)<br />                 i = next[i];<br />            else<br />            { i = 0; j++}<br />     }<br />     if(i&gt;= s-&gt;length)<br />       return  j - s-&gt;length;<br />     else<br />          return -1;<br />}<br /><br /></span><span lang="EN-US"><font size="5"><font size="3"><br /></font>                <br style="mso-special-character: line-break" /></font></span></span>
		</p>
<img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/13543.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-10-10 21:58 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/10/13543.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>//////////////////串 的一些基本应用 //////////////////// 课后复习  /////////////</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/08/13467.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Sun, 08 Oct 2006 13:06:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/08/13467.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/13467.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/08/13467.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/13467.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/13467.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
		<p>#ifndef CMyString</p>
		<p>#define CMyString</p>
		<p>#define max_string_size 1024                                 //第一串的最大长度为1024</p>
		<p>class CMyString<br />{<br />private:<br /> int length;                                               //字符串的实际长度<br /> <br /> char str[max_string_size+1];                              //包括最后的结束符 字符串的存处空间；<br />public:<br /> <br /> CMyString();<br /> <br />    CMyString(const char * s);                                //构造一个字符指针所指的对象<br /> <br /> ~CMyString();<br /> <br /> concatenate(const concatenate *s);                                //将字符串S插入到本字符串之后<br /> <br /> insert(const int pos, const CMyString *s);                 //将字符串插入到本字符串POS所指的位置<br /> <br /> delete(const int pos, const int len);                      //删除从POS位置起的连续len个字符<br />    <br /> CMyString substring(const int pos, cont int len);          //从pos位置起 提取一个长度为len的子串</p>
		<p> char *getstring();                                                  //获取本字符串</p>
		<p> int getstring();                                                         / /获取字符串长度</p>
		<p> int find(const CMyString *s);                               //在字符串中查找S首次出现的位置，如不包含S 则返回0；<br />    <br />};<br />#endif<br /><br /><br /><br />//////////////////////////////串类的实现/////////////////////////////////////////<br /><br /><br />#include&lt;iostream.h&gt;</p>
		<p>#include"CMyString.h"</p>
		<p>#include"memory.h"</p>
		<p>#include"stdafx.h"                    //不懂 stdafx.h 是什么意思 </p>
		<p>
				<br />CMyString::CMyString()<br />{<br /> length=0;<br /> str[0]=0;<br />}</p>
		<p>
				<br />//////////////////构造2//////////<br />CMyString::CMyString(const char *s)                      <br />{<br /> char *p1,*p2;<br /> for(length=0,p1=str,p2=(char *)s;  *p2;  length++)<br />  *p1++ = *p2++;<br /> *p1=0;<br />}</p>
		<p>
				<br />/////////////////////析够//////////<br />CMyString::~CMyString()<br />{}</p>
		<p> </p>
		<p>//////////////将字符串S插入到本字符串之后//////////////<br />CMyString::concatenate(const concatenate *s)<br />{<br /> if(length+s -&gt;length &lt;= max_string_size+1)<br /> {<br />  mencpy(str+length, s-&gt;str .s-&gt;length+1);<br />  length += s-&gt;length;<br /> }<br /> else<br /> {<br />  cout&lt;&lt;"error"&lt;&lt;endl;<br /> }<br />}</p>
		<p>
				<br />////////////删除从POS位置起的连续len个字符///////<br />CMyString::delete(const int pos, const int len)<br />{<br /> int rlen = len;<br /> if(pos +rlen &gt; length)]<br />  rlen = length - pos;<br /> length -= rlen;<br /> memcpy( str +pos,str+pos+rlen, length - pos+1);<br />}</p>
		<p>
				<br />/////////////////在字符串中查找S首次出现的位置，如不包含S 则返回0///////////////<br />int CMyString::find(const CMyString *s)<br />{<br /> ..<br />}</p>
		<p> </p>
		<p>////////////////获取字符串长度/////////<br />int CMyString::getlegth()<br />{<br /> return length;<br />}</p>
		<p>char *CMyString::getstring()</p>
		<p>{<br /> char *tmpstr = new char[length+1];<br /> memcpy(tmpstr , str ,length +1);<br /> return tmpstr;<br />}</p>
		<p>
				<br />////////////////将字符串插入到本字符串POS所指的位置/////////<br />CMyString::insert(const int pos, const CMyString *s)<br />{<br /> if(length + s -&gt; length &lt;= max_string_size)<br /> {<br />  memcpy(str + pos + s -&gt; length, str+pos,length-pos+1);<br />  memcpy(str+pos,s-&gt;str,s-&gt;length);<br />  length +=s -&gt;length;<br /> }<br /> else<br /> {<br />  cout&lt;&lt;"error"&lt;&lt;endl;<br /> }<br />}</p>
		<p>
				<br />/////////////////从pos位置起 提取一个长度为len的子串//////////<br />CMyString CMyString::substring(const int pos,const int len)<br />{<br /> int rlen = len;<br /> CMyString tmpstr("");<br /> if(pos +len &gt;length)<br />  rlen = length - pos;<br /> memcpy(tmpstr.str,str+pos,len);<br /> tmpstr.length = rlen;<br /> tmpstr.str[tmpstr.length] = 0;<br /> return tmpstr;<br />}<br /></p>
<img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/13467.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-10-08 21:06 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/10/08/13467.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>我好可怜!</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/30/13194.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Sat, 30 Sep 2006 11:33:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/30/13194.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/13194.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/30/13194.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>5</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/13194.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/13194.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[本来29号星期五就可以回家的,老师硬说星期六有课,我这么好当然相信了!!结果今天没课,住得近的同学全走了,现在在写这个帖子的时候我还只吃了2盒饼干(刚起床),外面暴冷,我还要去洗冷水澡!!!!这绝对是我今年最后一次冷水澡!!!先把板蓝根准备好!!!<br /><br />一切OK就可以回家了!!!!!<br />明天再祝大家快乐!!!!!嘿嘿<img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/13194.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-09-30 19:33 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/30/13194.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>微软的成功之道 (李开复)</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/28/13123.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Thu, 28 Sep 2006 11:20:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/28/13123.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/13123.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/28/13123.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/13123.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/13123.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
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										<span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">作为全球最成功的企业之一，微软公司在过去的二十多年里为全世界数以亿计的用户提供了无数杰出的软件产品，并以自己的实践经历揭示了软件产业内蕴藏的旺盛生命力和巨大商业价值。微软公司目前的市值是<span lang="EN-US">3100</span>亿美元。在<span lang="EN-US">2005</span>财政年度里，微软公司的销售收入将达约<span lang="EN-US">400</span>亿美元，实现利润<span lang="EN-US">165</span>亿美元。去年派发<span lang="EN-US">330</span>亿美元的股息后，微软公司仍拥有<span lang="EN-US">350</span>亿美元的现金储备。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>我认为，微软不断走向成功的原因主要有四点：（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）技术：用创新的精神把握技术发展的脉搏，以合理的研发体系保证企业的效率，以执著的态度专注于软件业的发展；（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>） 领导艺术：最高决策者拥有卓越的才识、明确的分工和完美的合作；（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）人才：多渠道发现和聘用人才，有效的人才筛选机制，对人才的持续培养以及知人善用；（<span lang="EN-US">4</span>）企业文化：不惧挑战、自我批评、灵活平等以及对客户负责的态度已经在微软形成了一种传统，并得到了制度化的保证。下面，我将从这四个方面出发，分别介绍微软公司的运营和管理经验，希望对中国的高新技术企业有所帮助。<span lang="EN-US"><br /> </span></span>
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										<span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">三四百年前，知识是在很长的时间里慢慢积累起来的。但自工业革命以来，科技的进步已经不再是靠历史的积累，而更重要的是靠不断的创新。信息革命后，科技的成长呈现出指数增长的趋势。在信息技术方面，过去十年中人类获得的知识和经验毫无疑问已远远超过了过去一百年的积累。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>微软公司深深地理解，在这样的大环境中把握技术方向的重要性。当微软公司在早期的<span lang="EN-US">Basic</span>产品中获得成功后，开始投入<span lang="EN-US">DOS</span>的研发。<span lang="EN-US">DOS</span>成功后，微软立即将资金和人力投入到新技术的研发中，并成功推出了<span lang="EN-US">Office</span>系列软件产品。随后，微软又利用<span lang="EN-US">Office</span>等软件获得的积累，开始了<span lang="EN-US">Windows NT</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Windows 2000</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Windows XP</span>等新一代操作系统的研发。当<span lang="EN-US">Internet</span>浪潮到来时，微软不失时机地跻身网络研发领域，并不断推出新的产品。今天，微软又把大量的资源投入到<span lang="EN-US">“</span>无缝计算<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的核心方向，在发展<span lang="EN-US">MSN</span>、移动软件、数字电视、<span lang="EN-US">XBOX</span>、高可信度计算、自然用户界面等方面不断创新。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>在技术浪潮的推动下，微软公司总是把技术研发摆在关键地位，并将技术看作公司惟一可长期延续的财富和优势。例如，微软在<span lang="EN-US">2005</span>财政年在研发领域投入大约<span lang="EN-US">85</span>亿美元，超过其营业额的五分之一，这个比例在<span lang="EN-US">“</span>世界财富<span lang="EN-US">500</span>强<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的企业中居首位。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><b>（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）运筹帷幄的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>首席架构师<span lang="EN-US">”</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><br />     </span>要重视技术，企业就必须要有一个最高的技术决策者。现在，微软公司的这个决策者就是比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨，微软的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>首席架构师<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。设立这个特殊职位是因为，无论在微软还是在其他公司，首席执行官根本没有时间管技术，而很多所谓的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>首席技术官<span lang="EN-US">”</span>却都是没有实权的科学家，决定不了技术发展方向。但是，在一个技术主导的行业里，一个企业没有技术方向的最高决策者是不行的。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>作为首席架构师，比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨的工作是制定公司的长期技术路线图，并确认公司每一个行政部门的科研计划是互补而不是重叠的。因此，他要求公司的每一个产品和技术部门都向他做技术汇报，这些汇报大多是<span lang="EN-US">“</span>头脑风暴<span lang="EN-US">”</span>式的讨论会议。做这样的汇报，除了可以得到比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨的回馈之外，每个项目团队还可以在准备过程中受益匪浅。因为，项目团队为了准备回答比尔可能问到的各种问题，必须在报告前彻底调研市场、技术、竞争对手等信息，也因此避免了闭门造车的风险。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>另外，比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨每年都会抽两段时间，用<span lang="EN-US">“</span>闭关<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的方式独自思考问题，这被称为比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>思考周<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。在<span lang="EN-US">“</span>思考周<span lang="EN-US">”</span>之前，盖茨会要求各部门精英在他们个人的专长领域给他提供大量阅读材料和技术建议。在<span lang="EN-US">“</span>思考周<span lang="EN-US">”</span>里，盖茨通常的工作方式是埋头阅读经过筛选的材料和技术建议，记下自己的想法，静静思考，最终做出一些对公司技术战略有较大影响的重要决定。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><b>（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）不断完善的研发机制</b><span lang="EN-US"><br />     </span>为了更快、更好地将未来的技术变成现实中的软件产品，微软公司不但在技术研发上投入了大量资源，而且建立了完善的技术管理制度。比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨成立了<span lang="EN-US">“</span>卓越工程<span lang="EN-US">”</span>部门，负责确认公司的研发机制是有活力的，开发过程是最有效率的，开发出的软件是安全可靠的，并避免不同部门之间的重叠开发。这个部门具有管理公司工程流程的实权，这样才能带领整个公司走在软件业的前端。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>微软公司对技术研发的投入是坚定不移的。微软很早就创立了它著名的研究机构（例如微软亚洲研究院），并充分认识到，科学研究和产品开发工作间存在着巨大的差异。研究工作鼓励冒险不惧怕失败，鼓励研究者拥有长远的目标和规划，做长期投资；而产品开发工作则更多地考虑眼前的利益，其目的只有一个，就是满足客户的需求。研究机构发展科技，生产部门制造产品，研究人员通常都是<span lang="EN-US">“</span>思想家<span lang="EN-US">”</span>，而产品开发人员更多的是<span lang="EN-US">“</span>实践家<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。这两类工作和两种技术人员之间的差别非常明显，如果我们希望更好地促进研究成果向实际产品的转移，就必须在保持它们各自特色的基础上，为它们的协作创造良好的环境和条件。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>为了促进研究成果的转移，微软鼓励研究人员充当新技术的推销者，向产品部门推销科技成果，同时也鼓励产品部门把用户需求和产业发展态势及时反馈给研究部门。比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨最近在一次演讲中说，微软公司要做两类事情，一类是满足用户现在的需求，另外一类是满足用户未来的需求。这表明，微软公司已经将科研和开发视作了公司发展的两条主线。事实上，微软既为两类不同的机构制定了共同的目标，建立了沟通渠道，也严格划清了二者的界限，为不同类型的机构制定了不同的考评制度。同时，微软也允许并鼓励人才在两类机构间转移和流动。现在，微软研究院每年都会向产品部门输出大量科研成果，这些成果大多都被应用到了微软公司各类成功的软件产品上。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><b>（<span lang="EN-US">4</span>）专注于最擅长的软件业务</b><span lang="EN-US"><br />     </span>微软公司是一家专注于软件技术和软件产品研发的公司。虽然微软公司也投资于<span lang="EN-US">MSN</span>等内容服务和<span lang="EN-US">XBOX</span>等硬件产品，这些产品的最终目的还是推进软件和软件平台。微软公司的主体始终是软件，微软绝大部分销售收入也是由软件创造的。微软公司对自己的定位是，在信息产业的整个生态系统中，专注于扮演纯粹的软件提供商的角色，其他的角色由戴尔、<span lang="EN-US">HP</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Accenture</span>等公司扮演。只有这样，微软才能把自己的专长做到最好，以保持在软件领域的领先地位。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     “</span>专注<span lang="EN-US">”</span>对公司很重要，因为一个公司的成功也来源于管理者或领导者的注意力。许多公司的领导者可能会因为急于发展，带领公司向多个不同的方向发展。比如，某些大型<span lang="EN-US">IT</span>企业在积累了一定财富后就会把资金投入到硬件、服务，或甚至房地产、传媒等其他行业中。这么做就分散了公司的注意力，而公司的领导者也不见得有能力或激情来管理这些新开创的企业。但微软公司的领导层总是把注意力放在七个基础的商业部门的软件业务。这七个部门都以开发软件为己任，以软件平台为核心，以比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨为总架构师。这样，七个部门的领导者才能有共同的语言、共同的管理方式、共同的对软件的专注与热情，不必分心于自己不擅长或没兴趣的事情，才能如鱼得水，在微软发挥个人的潜力。<span lang="EN-US"><br /> </span></span>
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										<span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">微软公司的成功，在很大程度上得益于微软公司拥有两位杰出的领导人：比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨和史蒂夫<span lang="EN-US">•</span>鲍尔默。在<span lang="EN-US">2000</span>年之前，微软惟一的领导者是比尔。<span lang="EN-US">2000</span>年<span lang="EN-US">1</span>月，为了更好地把握技术方向，比尔把首席执行官的工作交给了史蒂夫，自己做<span lang="EN-US">“</span>董事长兼首席架构师<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。后来，史蒂夫又把公司分为七大商业部门，每一个部门负责一系列的产品和用户（例如：大企业部门负责<span lang="EN-US">Windows</span>、<span lang="EN-US">SQL Server</span>等服务器软件和工具；家庭娱乐部门负责<span lang="EN-US">XBOX</span>、电视软件平台和游戏软件等）。从<span lang="EN-US">2000</span>年以来，比尔和史蒂夫成为最佳搭档，两人带领七个部门在经济风暴中稳定成长，实为公司成功最大的原因之一。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><b>（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）首席架构师比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨</b><span lang="EN-US"><br />     </span>比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨是微软公司的技术带头人。他善于通过自己的远见卓识，在技术上把握公司的发展方向，不断为公司的新产品研发制定战略目标。通过前面介绍的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>思考周<span lang="EN-US">”</span>、<span lang="EN-US">“</span>头脑风暴会议<span lang="EN-US">”</span>等形式，比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨在全公司范围内集思广益，收集最新的信息，以保证技术决策的正确性和前瞻性。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>比尔的另一项工作是协调公司软件的投资，并避免七大商业部门的重叠投资。他会深入了解每一项重要技术，把开发任务交给某一个部门，并要求该部门把另外六个部门当做重要客户，同时也要求其他六个部门不要重叠投资。例如，虽然七个部门都需要语音技术，但是比尔却该技术的开发任务交给了我的部门。这样的安排让我不用担心公司内部的竞争，而且，我所在团队里的员工也会因为自己的产品能影响到其他各部门的产品而更有成就感。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨还要负责决定全公司七大商业部门在各个研发方向上的技术资源分配情况。大多数公司可能会把最多的资源分配在最赚钱的部门里。但微软并不是这样做的。例如，微软公司负责<span lang="EN-US">Office</span>产品研发的部门人数并不很多，相反，服务器和工具部门却拥有最多的技术员工。这主要是因为，微软在后台服务领域面临着更加激烈的市场竞争，需要投入更多的资源，以尽快开发出领先于<span lang="EN-US">IBM</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Sun </span>等竞争对手的重量级产品。微软公司在移动产品部门投入大量资源，也是因为比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨看好移动通信领域的巨大市场前景。因为微软公司内的七大商业部门并不是完全独立的，比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨就可以根据自己对技术方向的判断，把有限的资源调配给最具有发展潜力或竞争最激烈的技术领域。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><b>（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）首席执行官史蒂夫<span lang="EN-US">•</span>鲍尔默</b><span lang="EN-US"><br />     </span>史蒂夫<span lang="EN-US">•</span>鲍尔默是微软公司的头号啦啦队长。他是一个非常有激情的人，说话声音很大，非常有力量，而且很感性，很有穿透力。他是一个全能领导者，既有商业头脑，又有战略眼光，能鼓舞士气，还富有激情，精通技术。微软公司的人常说，史蒂夫给下级做考评的时候，就像在<span lang="EN-US">“</span>奥数班<span lang="EN-US">”</span>一样，要求甚高而不允许犯错。当下级把总结报告提交上去后，史蒂夫只看一眼，就可以从中挑出几个乃至十几个不恰当的地方。通过这样的考评，下级员工可以收获到非常多的经验和知识，可以在以后的工作中做得更好。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>当微软把全公司整合成七大商业部门之后，史蒂夫<span lang="EN-US">•</span>鲍尔默适时地由前台退到了后台。他不再做具体的管理者，而是转变成了七大部门主管的背后支持者。他不再做每件大事的最后决定人，而是支持着七个部门主管的成长。他不再做一个最有煽动力的啦啦队长，而成为一个幕后的教练。史蒂夫支持七大部门的主管放手施展自己的管理才华，而他自己则把更多的时间花在了公司的价值观和人才建设上。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><b>（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）最佳搭档</b><span lang="EN-US"><br />     </span>比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨和史蒂夫<span lang="EN-US">•</span>鲍尔默是微软公司最重要的两个人。在我所经历过的高科技公司里，员工总是喜爱抱怨公司的最上层领导，但是在微软，几乎所有员工都对比尔和史蒂夫无比钦佩。和他们共事多年，我认为他们两个人都是非常有才华，能够集谦虚、勇敢和毅力于一身，勇于从失败中吸取教训。他们二人最特别的三个优点是：</span>
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												<span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">勇于改变、适应力强：</span>
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										<span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">比尔和史蒂夫都是适应能力很强的人，能够根据情况的变化及时调整自己的工作角色和工作方式。他们两个人都在不断地学习，不断改进自己的工作。例如，比尔在演讲失败后，勇于拜师学习演讲技巧；<span lang="EN-US">2000</span>年时，为了企业更好地发展，比尔将首席执行官一职交给史蒂夫；设立七大商业部门后，史蒂夫从啦啦队长转型成为幕后的教练<span lang="EN-US">……</span>这些都是微软员工津津乐道的例子。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><b>2. </b></span><b>对公司充满热爱和激情：</b>比尔和史蒂夫早已不是为了赚钱而工作，而是为了公司，为了用户，为了享受激情和快乐而工作。他们很多年没有拿股票和认股权，把上亿的财富让给了员工。正因为他们对公司的热情感染了所有的员工，微软才能汇集全公司所有人的智慧，共同为公司创造最大的价值。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><b>3. </b></span><b>彼此信任、相互支持：</b>对微软来说最难得的是，比尔和史蒂夫两人百分之百地彼此信任，共同推动微软公司向前发展，共同完成了<span lang="EN-US">2000</span>年到今天完美的职位交接，共同负责创造公司的未来。他们之间从未发生权力斗争、政治纠纷一类的问题。这在今天这个现实、自私的社会中是最难能可贵的事，也是微软公司成功路上的佳话。</span>
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										<span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">虽然比尔和史蒂夫都还年轻，精力旺盛，离退休的时间还早，但他们已经开始了接班人的培养工作。这样，即使他们退休之后，微软公司也能延续他们的管理风格和管理理念，并不断取得成功。<span lang="EN-US"><br /> </span></span>
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										<span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">微软公司把重视人才的管理理念视为公司的核心财富。在信息时代里，人才的价值尤为重要。在工业时代里，一个优秀技工和一个普通技工的效率差异可能是<span lang="EN-US">30%</span>，但在信息时代里，一个高级程序员和一个普通程序员的效率差异可能高达<span lang="EN-US">10</span>倍以上。例如，微软公司有一位编程高手，一次，他对一位经理说，你们的产品里还缺少一种重要的功能。那位经理说，我也想做这个功能，但至少要<span lang="EN-US">50</span>个人半年时间，现在已经来不及了。编程高手什么也没说就走了，第二个星期开会时，他对那位经理说，你要的功能我已经帮你做完了。因为这样一位编程高手可能知道很多其他程序员所不知道的解决问题的捷径，他在一个星期里就能做完<span lang="EN-US">50</span>个人半年的工作。可见，这样的人才对公司来讲是有特殊意义的，公司必须善于追踪、挖掘、面试、聘请、评估、培养、重视和留住这样的人才，而且要把人才相关的工作视为公司最重要的任务之一。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><b>（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）求贤若渴：追踪和挖掘人才</b><span lang="EN-US"><br />     </span>重视人才的一个最直接的体现就是管理者要善于雇佣高水平的人才，而微软公司的各级管理者都非常善于发现和雇佣人才，无论对方是大师级的人才，还是应届大学毕业生或已离开公司的人。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>例如，微软公司最重要的领导和大师<span lang="EN-US"> Jim Allchin</span>目前在微软公司负责平台产品研发。当年，比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨想请他加入微软的时候，通过朋友多次联系他，<span lang="EN-US">Jim Allchin</span>都置之不理。后来，经过比尔再三邀请，<span lang="EN-US">Jim</span>终于答应来面试。结果，<span lang="EN-US">Jim</span>一见到比尔就直接了当地说，微软的软件是世界最烂的，实在不懂比尔请他来做什么。比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨不但不介意，反而对他说，正是因为微软的软件存在各种缺陷，微软才需要你这样的人才。比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨的虚怀若谷感动了<span lang="EN-US">Jim Allchin</span>，终于把他请到了微软公司。再例如，<span lang="EN-US">IBM</span>著名的深蓝计算机的设计者许峰雄博士此前也加盟了微软公司。许峰雄博士是我的好朋友，我追踪他至少五年了。逢年过节时，我总会给许峰雄博士打电话，聊一聊他的近况，探听一下他的想法。年复一年，我终于打动了许峰雄博士，有幸邀请他到微软来工作。虽然他最后加入的不是我的团队，但是我一样引以为豪。在微软，许多人都像我一样主动从事发现人才、跟踪人才和吸引人才的工作。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>除了努力挖掘、追踪许峰雄、<span lang="EN-US">Jim Allchin</span>这样的大师之外，微软也非常善于直接从学校雇佣刚毕业的大学生。每年我都会去两三个大学亲自面试最优秀的应届毕业生。我们曾经做过一个统计，直接从学校雇佣的人才，在总体表现上要优于从社会雇佣的更有经验的人才。我们也发现，今天微软大部分的副总裁都是在大学毕业后直接进入微软公司的。直接从学校雇佣和培养人才有很多好处：人才可塑性强，对公司忠诚度更高，最愿意全力以赴地办事，不怕风险，愿意积累多部门的经验。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>此外，微软公司一直追踪着离开公司的优秀员工。我们并不认为员工跳槽是一件坏事。对于离开公司的优秀员工，微软会认真分析该员工离开公司的原因，以便进一步改进工作。同时，微软也会对他们离职后的工作情况进行追踪，准备在合适的时间再把他们请回微软。这种鼓励人才流动的机制可以更好地激发人才的积极性，可以真正得到员工的信任和支持。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><b>（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）任人唯贤：面试和聘请人才<span lang="EN-US">     </span></b><span lang="EN-US"><br />     </span>微软的面试机制是众所周知的。微软对于面试采取了严谨的态度，采用精心设计的面试流程。每一个申请者的面试都有多位微软员工参加，每一位参加面试的员工都事先分配好面试时的任务。除了确认专业知识和经验之外，我们也会出很多题目来测试申请者的独立思考能力及面对难关时的表现。我们不只要雇佣那些技术上的专家，还应当雇佣聪明、学习能力强、有团队精神的人。所以，面试时对这些方面也要深入地询问。每一次面试后，面试者都会把他的意见和下面应该考核的问题交给后续的面试者。最后，只有得到绝大多数参与面试者的同意，并在明察暗访所得的结果令我们满意时，微软才会聘用该申请者。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>任人唯贤是微软公司一贯遵循的用人理念。我们深信两句话：（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）一流的人雇佣一流的人，二流的人雇佣三流的人。因此，当一个队伍雇用第一个二流的人的时候，就是它走下坡路的时候。（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）雇佣人才应以提高组织当前的整体素质为标准。我们必须要求每一个新雇员的素质都超过整个团队的平均水平，以此来提升团队的平均素质，而不是降低团队的素质。所以，微软公司的管理者总是希望雇佣到比自己强的人才。如果你雇佣的人才最终能成为你的上司，你不但不应当感到羞愧，而应该感到无比的自豪。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><b>（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）人尽其才：评估和培养人才</b><span lang="EN-US"><br />     </span>雇用员工之后，公司会定期对人才状况进行评估和分析。每年，史蒂夫<span lang="EN-US">•</span>鲍尔默都会要求七大商业部门的管理者把本部门最杰出的<span lang="EN-US">50</span>到<span lang="EN-US">150</span>位人才的详细情况报告上来，史蒂夫把总共约<span lang="EN-US">600</span>人的资料装订成一本独特的《人才报告》，然后花上整整两星期的时间来评估这些人才的发展前景，每天还会邀请这些人中的<span lang="EN-US">20</span>位共进晚餐，以进一步了解这些人才。这样的工作可以为高级人才在公司内的发展设计最好的路径，也可以在公司有空缺职位的时候迅速找到合适的人选。史蒂夫期望自己认识这<span lang="EN-US">600</span>人中的每一位。他把这本书放在他床前，每晚睡前都会认真地读几页这本书。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>微软深信<span lang="EN-US">“</span>人尽其才<span lang="EN-US">”</span>，所以设计了<span lang="EN-US">“</span>双轨道<span lang="EN-US">”</span>机制，既允许优秀员工在管理轨道上发展，也允许他们根据自己的意愿，在技术轨道上发展。在每个轨道上，微软为员工提供的机会是平等的，员工并不一定非要做管理工作才能促进个人事业的发展。在微软，一个最高级别的工程师可能比副总裁还要资深。这样的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>双轨道<span lang="EN-US">”</span>政策从制度上保证了人才发展道路的多样性，有利于吸引人才和留住人才。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>微软公司鼓励公司内部人才的流动和发展。各级管理者都遵循人尽其材的方式给每一个优秀的人才发展的空间。各级管理者也深深理解<span lang="EN-US">“</span>最优秀的人不属于我，而属于公司<span lang="EN-US">”</span>，他们不会把人才据为己有，而是给最优秀的人才更好的发展机会，无论这个机会是不是由自己所管理的机构提供的。在这样的制度下，优秀的人才大多能找到适合自己的发展道路。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>除了培养优秀的人才之外，公司也必须发现并督促那些表现较差的员工，给他们机会改进，否则就只有要求他们离开。为了达到这个目的，微软公司建立了完善的分级评估体系，并定期对员工的工作表现进行考核。在每一年度的考核中，每一个副总裁必须把他部门所有的员工分成四个等级：（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）超过期望，（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）达到期望，（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）达到大部分期望，（<span lang="EN-US">4</span>）没有达到期望。每一个等级必须有合理的比例，总会有相当一部分员工被评为第三或第四等。其中，拿到第四等（大约是<span lang="EN-US">5%</span>左右）的员工等于是拿到了<span lang="EN-US">“</span>不改进就得走<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的信息。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>史蒂夫<span lang="EN-US">•</span>鲍尔默深深地理解，这样的制度如果不是以身作则，就无法得到员工的支持和信服。所以，即便在副总裁或总经理这一级，微软公司也施行严格的淘汰制。有一次，史蒂夫召集了公司最资深的<span lang="EN-US">100</span>个人开会，并告诉我们说，<span lang="EN-US">“</span>我要求你们找出最差的<span lang="EN-US">5%</span>的员工，不论他们资历如何，都要给他们一个不改进就得走的警告。<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>不论资历<span lang="EN-US">’</span>的意思是，今天有你们这<span lang="EN-US">100</span>位高级经理在这里开会，而明年开会时，就应该只有<span lang="EN-US">95</span>个人了。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>结果，下一次开会时，果真有不只<span lang="EN-US">5</span>位高级经理已经离职。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><b>（<span lang="EN-US">4</span>）才尽其用：重视和留住人才</b><span lang="EN-US"><br />     </span>很多人认为，留住人才的关键是待遇。的确，每个人都应该得到适当的待遇，但对一个软件从业人员来说，他更看重的是工作环境如何。与提高员工待遇相比，微软更注重做到提供一个能够吸引人、留住人的环境，这包括：<span lang="EN-US"><br />          </span>有众多的产品，能让员工发挥才华和潜力，做出最大的贡献；<span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span>充分的资源支持，让每个人都没有后顾之忧；</span>
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										<span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一个企业的文化和价值观是它的精神、思维方式和行为方式，是企业全体成员在生产经营活动过程中形成的一种行为规范和价值观念。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>微软公司的价值观既是公司二十多年来在实际工作实践中，从发展过程里长期积累的精神财富，也是公司根据竞争环境的需要不断调整、不断完善的结果。微软公司今天的价值观主要包括：诚实和守信；公开交流，尊重他人，与他人共同进步；勇于面对重大挑战；对客户、合作伙伴和技术充满激情；信守对客户、投资人、合作伙伴和雇员的承诺，对结果负责；善于自我批评和自我改进、永不自满等。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>以上这些价值观不仅仅是纸面上的文字，微软公司在日常工作中也时刻注意提醒员工遵守这些基本的工作准则，并要求员工把这些价值观转换成可以付诸实践的具体目标。有了这些价值观的帮助，微软公司的员工可以进一步增强对微软企业文化的认同，可以在工作中发挥更大的潜力。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>在微软的文化和价值观中，我认为以下五点对微软的成功最有帮助：（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）充满激情、迎接挑战，（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）自由平等、以德服人，（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）自我批评、追求卓越，（<span lang="EN-US">4</span>）责任至上、善始善终，（<span lang="EN-US">5</span>）虚怀若谷、服务客户。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><b>（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）充满激情、迎接挑战</b><span lang="EN-US"><br />     </span>微软公司的经营宗旨是随着时代的发展而不断变化的。同样的道理，微软的企业文化也在不断地完善和发展。但是最能体现微软企业文化精髓的，还是比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨的一句话，这句话多年后还是那么贴切：<span lang="EN-US">“</span>每天清晨当你醒来时，都会为技术进步及其为人类生活带来的发展和改进而激动不已。<span lang="EN-US">”<br /><br />     </span>也就是这样的雄心壮志让微软一次又一次地向最困难的目标发起挑战。当<span lang="EN-US">DOS</span>刚取得成功时，微软就果断地决定要取代自己的成功产品，开始发展<span lang="EN-US">Windows</span>。当<span lang="EN-US">Windows</span>还远远没有成型时，微软又决定花大量的资源做<span lang="EN-US">Windows</span>版本的<span lang="EN-US">Word</span>和<span lang="EN-US">Excel</span>。那时，<span lang="EN-US">DOS</span>版本的<span lang="EN-US">Word </span>和<span lang="EN-US">Excel</span>远远落后于竞争对手，而微软却把更大的投资放到<span lang="EN-US">Windows</span>版本上，这等于是加倍了在<span lang="EN-US">Windows</span>上投入的赌注。回顾这样的大手笔、大挑战，一位经理说：<span lang="EN-US">“</span>如果<span lang="EN-US">Windows</span>失败了，就没有微软这个公司了。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>在<span lang="EN-US">Windows </span>之后，微软在<span lang="EN-US">Office</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Windows NT</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Internet</span>、<span lang="EN-US">.NET</span>等机会来临时，一次又一次地<span lang="EN-US">“</span>把公司当作赌注<span lang="EN-US">”</span>，并一次又一次地在重重挑战之下给公司带来了新的生命力。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>公司不畏挑战的精神，可以从微软前景目标的演变中看出来。<span lang="EN-US">28</span>年前，微软公司的前景目标是<span lang="EN-US">“</span>让每张桌上都有一台个人电脑<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。现在看来，这个目标并不稀奇；但在<span lang="EN-US">28</span>年前，这是一件令人难以想象的事。在上述目标已经基本成为现实的今天，微软公司又有了新的前景目标，那就是<span lang="EN-US">“</span>通过优秀的软件（在任何时间、任何地点、通过任何设备）帮助人们发挥潜力<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。微软公司认为，人的潜力需要借助有效的工具才能淋漓尽致地发挥出来，而代表现代社会信息化进程的电脑以及优秀的软件产品就是这样可以帮助人们充分展示创造力和工作热情的工具。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>公司一次次地面临重大挑战，一次次地推出成功产品，一次次改变了人类的生活。这一切都极大鼓舞了公司员工的士气，带给他们高度的满足感，让每一个员工<span lang="EN-US">“</span>为人类生活带来的发展和改进<span lang="EN-US">”</span>、<span lang="EN-US">“</span>为帮助人们发挥潜力<span lang="EN-US">”</span>而激动不已。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><b>（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）自由平等、以德服人</b><span lang="EN-US"><br />     </span>微软公司是我见过的公司里，最没有官僚作风的。公司放权给每一个人主导自己的工作。公司没有<span lang="EN-US">“</span>打卡<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的制度，每个人上下班的时间基本上由自己决定。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>公司支持人人平等，资深人员基本上没有<span lang="EN-US">“</span>特权<span lang="EN-US">”</span>，依然要自己回电子邮件，自己倒咖啡，自己找停车位，每个人的办公室基本上都一样大。有一次，一些从中国来访微软的教授在等待听<span lang="EN-US">Jim Gray</span>（发明数据库的著名科学家，图灵奖的获得者，加州研究院的院长）的演讲时，看见一个满头华发的老头趴在地上接电线，还以为他只是一名老工人。等他站起来时，大家却惊讶地发现，他就是演讲者<span lang="EN-US">Jim Gray</span>。这些教授都很震惊，没想到连<span lang="EN-US">Jim</span>这样的人都亲自动手接线装电脑。微软就是这样一个崇尚技术、人人平等的公司。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>公司主张施行<span lang="EN-US">“</span>开门政策<span lang="EN-US">”</span>，也就是说，任何人可以找任何人谈任何话题，当然任何人也都可以发电子邮件给任何人。一次，有一个新的员工开车上班时撞了比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨停着的新车。她吓得问老板怎么办，老板说<span lang="EN-US">:“</span>你发一封电子邮件道歉就是了。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>她发出电子邮件后，在一小时之内，比尔不但回信告诉她，别担心，只要没伤到人就好，还对她加入公司表示欢迎。<span lang="EN-US"><br />    <br />      </span>一个平等的公司可以降低公司内部的信息阻塞，增加所有员工的主人翁精神，还能更早地发现公司在发展中遇到的问题。平等的公司可以说是微软发展的必备平台。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><b>（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）自我批评、追求卓越</b><span lang="EN-US"><br />     </span>微软文化的一大特色就是自我批评。在科技呈指数趋势飞跃发展的今天，不愿意批评自己，不承认自己的错误，不追求卓越的公司将面临灭亡。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>我认识一个刚加入微软的市场经理，他代表我们的产品去参加一个商品展。回来后，他兴高采烈地发了一封电子邮件给整个产品小组。他说：<span lang="EN-US">“</span>我很高兴地告诉大家，我们在这个展览获得了令人振奋的成绩。十项大奖中我们囊括了九项。让我们去庆祝吧！<span lang="EN-US">”</span>但是，他没想到，在一个小时内，他收到了十多封回信。大家问他：<span lang="EN-US">“</span>没得到的是哪一个奖？为什么不告诉我们？为什么没得到那个奖？我们得到什么教训？明年怎么样才能得到这第十个奖？<span lang="EN-US">”</span>他告诉我，在那一刻，他才理解了微软为什么会成功。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>自我批评在公司早已被系统化。每一个产品推出后，会有一段特别时间空出来给产品团队做<span lang="EN-US">“post-mortem”</span>，也就是系统化的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>自我批评<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。所有小组成员都会被询问，什么地方可以做得更好，每一个动作和决定都会被分析，结果将在公司公布，以帮助别的小组避免同样的问题，让公司的项目能越做越好。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨鼓励员工畅所欲言，对公司的发展、存在的问题，甚至上司的缺点，毫无保留地提出批评、建议或提案。他说：<span lang="EN-US">“</span>如果人人都能提出建议，就说明人人都在关心公司，公司才会有前途。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>微软开发了满意度调查软件，每年至少做一次员工满意度调查，让员工以匿名的方式对公司、领导、老板等各方面作回馈。其中有选择题（例如：<span lang="EN-US">“</span>我对我的副总裁有信心。以下选一 ： 非常同意、同意、无意见、不同意、非常不同意），也有问答题（例如：你对公司战略有什么建议？）。每个经理都会得到多方面的回馈和客观的打分。比尔、史蒂夫、其他高层领导和人事室都会仔细地研究每个组和经理的结果，计划如何改进。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>除了自我批评，还要有能接受别人批评的胸怀，和改变自己的魄力。<span lang="EN-US">1995</span>年，当比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨宣布不涉足<span lang="EN-US">Internet</span>领域产品的时候，很多员工提出了反对意见。其中，有几位员工直接发信给比尔说，你这是一个错误的决定。当比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨发现有许多他尊敬的人持反对的意见时，又花了更多的时间与这些员工见面，最后写出了《互联网浪潮》这篇文章，承认了自己的过错，扭转了公司的发展方向。同时，他把许多优秀的员工调到<span lang="EN-US">Internet</span>部门，并取消或削减了许多产品，以便把资源调入<span lang="EN-US">Internet</span>部门。当时，有些员工在某一天上班时，老板会告诉他：<span lang="EN-US">“</span>我们的产品被取消了，因为公司需要我们做更重要的<span lang="EN-US">IE</span>浏览器。明天起，我们整个部门将加入<span lang="EN-US">Internet</span>部门。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>那些批评比尔<span lang="EN-US">•</span>盖茨的人不但没有受处分，而且得到重用，今天都成了公司重要部门的领导。在软件这个市场变化迅速的领域，调整企业方向对微软无比重要。从这个例子里我们看到的是：平等的环境、直接的沟通、宽大的胸怀、宏大的魄力拯救了公司。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><b>（<span lang="EN-US">4</span>）责任至上、善始善终</b><span lang="EN-US"><br />     </span>公司和领导者有了关注的目标之后，还要有足够的责任心，才能把事情做好。微软公司要求每一个部门、每一个员工都要有自己明确的目标，同时，这些目标必须是<span lang="EN-US">“SMART”</span>的，也就是：<span lang="EN-US"><br />     • S – Specific </span>（特定的、范围明确的，而不是宽泛的）<span lang="EN-US"><br />     • M – Measurable </span>（可以度量的，不是模糊的）<span lang="EN-US"><br />     • A – Attainable </span>（可实现的，不是理想化的）<span lang="EN-US"><br />     • R – Result-based </span>（基于结果而非行为或过程）<span lang="EN-US"><br />     • T – Time-based </span>（有时间限制，而不是遥遥无期的）<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>只有每个人都拥有了明确的目标，并可以随时检查自己是否达到了预先设定的目标，公司员工才能在工作中体现出强烈的责任感和工作热情。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>微软公司要求部门和员工制定的目标必须是可分享的，即，每个人都应当通过某种渠道，如公司的内部网站等将自己的目标公布出来（当然，某些需要保密的工作目标除外）。这样，当某位员工对领导或其他员工的工作方式不理解的时候，就可以去查看对方的工作目标，以寻求最好的沟通和理解。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>除了针对目标、结果的负责，公司更需要在决策方面有负责的框架。微软的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>决策制定框架<span lang="EN-US">”</span>下，每一项重要决策都有一定的制定流程和人员角色划分。每一个决策流程的推动人很自然地就是决策的责任人。对该决策有支持和认可权利的人是决策的审批者。对该决策进行核查、提出支持或反对意见的人是决策的复核者。在整个决策流程中，虽然复核者可提出反对意见，但审批者仍拥有决策的最终决定权。有了这样的框架，公司的决策流程更加清晰，人员责任更加明确，决策不会被轻易拖延或推翻，决策的效率也大大提高了。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><b>（<span lang="EN-US">5</span>）虚怀若谷、服务客户</b><span lang="EN-US"><br />     </span>微软公司对技术相当重视，对合作伙伴和客户也同样重视。作为软件平台公司，合作伙伴和客户都是公司的命脉。微软公司在价值观中强调，所有员工都要信守对客户和合作伙伴的承诺，而且在产品研发过程中，不仅要考虑到产品的技术特性，还更要关注客户和合作伙伴最需要的功能。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>微软的大企业产品部鼓励每一个员工在加入公司的前几个星期到技术支持中心工作，帮助客户解决问题。无论一位员工的资历有多深，公司都希望他经过最基层技术支持工作的锻炼，能理解客户的困难。在大企业产品部的近一万名员工如果以前没有做过技术支持工作，在公司就没有晋升过某一级别的机会。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>除了要求员工悉心聆听客户意见之外，微软的软件也会自动收集客户的反馈意见。多年前，当<span lang="EN-US">Office</span>开发者无法决定该把哪些功能放进常用工具栏时，<span lang="EN-US">Office</span>的程序员制作了一套特别的<span lang="EN-US">Office</span>软件。这套<span lang="EN-US">Office</span>在用户允许的情况下，记录用户最常用的功能，传送到微软。最后，借助这些统计数据，开发者就可以决定什么样的用户界面才会对大多数用户有利。今天，微软把这个技术做进了所有的产品。任何微软的软件碰到问题（如宕机）时会搜集数据，并在用户的允许下经过网络把这些数据传到总部的服务器，以帮助开发人员诊断和测试软件。有了这样的技术，<span lang="EN-US">Windows XP</span>推出一个月后，微软就把用户碰到的一半问题都解决了，然后再通过网络自动帮助合所有法用户升级软件。此类工作集中体现了公司的创新精神以及借助软件技术解决问题的目标，当然也体现了公司悉心聆听客户意见的决心。<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /><br /><b><span style="BACKGROUND: #66ccff">     </span></b></span><b><span style="BACKGROUND: #66ccff">寄语中国软件业<span lang="EN-US">     </span></span></b><span lang="EN-US"><br /><br />     </span>本文谈到的内容，大都是我个人对微软成功经验的理解以及对软件企业管理者的建议。微软公司是一家成功的企业，其成功的背后隐藏着许许多多有价值的东西。虽然微软公司的企业文化和管理方式不一定适合其他企业，但至少是一个可供参考的优秀范例。下面是从本文中提炼出来的，我个人对中国高技术企业的建议：<span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /><b>•  </b></span><b>管理方面：</b></span>
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										<span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">积极为公司长远目标投资，悉心地学习研究、开发的机制。理解把握技术的重要性，而不是只注重眼前利益，重复低级劳动。同时也要认识到，市场和用户的需求决定技术和产品的开发，而不是反之。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>不做能力以外的工作，不为了<span lang="EN-US">“</span>面子<span lang="EN-US">”</span>做没有用的研究。切实研究和找到在产业价值链的最有利的位置，以增强自身长远商业实力和股东利益为根本出发点。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>作专注的公司，不要急于发展而分散了管理者的注意力。唯有足够大的规模才能达到较高的效率， 但规模并不等于无协同性业务的简单合并。中国的软件业公司太多<span lang="EN-US"> (</span>近万家<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，需要整合。中国的软件公司的总裁需要放弃<span lang="EN-US">“</span>宁为鸡首<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的想法，积极合并。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>用<span lang="EN-US">SMART</span>的目标来衡量每个人负责的工作；把这些目标量化并公开出来。定下决策的框架和流程，每个人都要理解自己在一个决策过程中扮演的角色。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>要求产品的开发人员直接接触客户，才能真正理解客户的困难和痛苦。用最新的技术进一步地理解客户的需求和满意度。</span>
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										<span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">理解领军人物的重要性。中国需要更多虚心的、勇于改变的、对公司充满热情的、彼此信任的、相互支持的领军人物。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>有<span lang="EN-US">“</span>希望雇佣到比自己强的人才<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的胸怀，有<span lang="EN-US">“</span>最优秀的人属于公司<span lang="EN-US">,</span>支持他们离开自己的麾下<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的无私作风。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>提倡以身作则的管理方式，不让领导拥有<span lang="EN-US">“</span>特殊<span lang="EN-US">”</span>待遇，不让领导游离于公司的法规和措施之外。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>有足够的自觉。如果公司的管理工作超出了自己的能力范围，要有让贤的胸怀。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>要认识到中国软件企业在管理上与跨国公司的巨大差距，要大胆引进海外人才和职业经理人，并积极营造使他们充分发挥作用的环境。</span>
										<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
												<o:p>
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										<b>
												<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">•  </span>
										</b>
										<b>
												<span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">人才方面：</span>
										</b>
										<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
												<o:p>
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								<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left">
										<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">o  </span>
										<span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">真正做到以人为本，以三顾茅庐的精神去挖掘人才，用长远的眼光培养人才。能够理解<span lang="EN-US">“</span>一流的人雇佣一流的人，二流的人雇佣三流的人<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的精髓。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>引入人才管理、评估、培养的制度。追踪、提拔最优秀的人才。积极提高人才对企业的忠诚度。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>引入职业管理人才机制，在公司战略，营销等领域使用受过正规企业管理培训的专业人才。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>真正重视技术人才。用<span lang="EN-US">“</span>双轨道<span lang="EN-US">”</span>机制让技术人才受到重视和提升。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>提供良好的环境、支持和培训，让优秀的人才没有后顾之忧。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>实施真正意义上的员工优胜劣汰机制。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>建立人才激励机制。利用股票期权等机制将员工与公司的长期利益联系在一起。</span>
										<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
												<o:p>
												</o:p>
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								<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left">
										<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
												<br />
												<b>•  </b>
										</span>
										<b>
												<span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">文化和价值观方面：</span>
										</b>
										<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
												<o:p>
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								<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left">
										<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">o  </span>
										<span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">发展良好的文化与价值观，并将其灌输到企业的每一部分，要求员工用企业文化和价值观来引导各项工作。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>以令人振奋的前景目标和巨大挑战激发员工的热情和斗志。让每一个员工因为自己的产品为人类生活带来的发展和改进而激动不已。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>杜绝官僚作风，创立灵活、平等的文化。让公司的信息自由流通，让每一个员工都有主人翁责任感。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>公司、领导和员工都自觉追寻卓越的文化；有接受批评的胸怀、承认错误的勇气和扭转劣势的魄力。<span lang="EN-US"><br />o  </span>从上到下树立诚信至上的观念，对上市公司财务报表做到诚实准确。</span>
										<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
												<o:p>
												</o:p>
										</span>
								</p>
								<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
										<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
												<font face="Times New Roman">     </font>
										</span>
										<span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">我希望国内的软件企业可以从微软公司的成功经验中汲取营养，并创造出真正属于自己的优秀企业文化和管理模式，实现最大的商业价值。</span>
										<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt">
												<o:p>
												</o:p>
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				</font>
		</span> <img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/13123.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-09-28 19:20 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/28/13123.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>大家帮我推荐几本书吧!!</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/26/12999.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Tue, 26 Sep 2006 13:51:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/26/12999.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/12999.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/26/12999.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>13</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/12999.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/12999.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[1.我现在正在学习数据结构,大家推荐几本辅导书籍吧.要那种写的很详细的,要有经典例题的(不需要那种练习的书哦,我还是新手),最好是英文,可以顺便学习下!!<br />2.我想学习FLASH,不知道有什么好书?网上可以下载的.我找了很多本都不太适合我,都深了点..大家推荐下有什么书吧.<br /><img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/12999.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-09-26 21:51 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/26/12999.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>趣味试题⒉ 清华大学考研试题的原型!</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/26/12976.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Tue, 26 Sep 2006 04:57:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/26/12976.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/12976.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/26/12976.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>6</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/12976.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/12976.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[//////////清华的考研题和这道题目90/100是一样的////////<br /><br />题目:假设函数<br />                          template &lt;class t&gt;<br />                          void node&lt;t&gt;:: reverse(node&lt;t&gt; *&amp;p);<br />是结点类node的成员函数,执行该函数后,P指向链表的结点变为:第一个结点是原来的倒数第一个结点,第二个结点是原来的倒数第二个结点........最后一个结点是原来的第一个结点.写出该函数,要求不改变链表占用的内存空间,且使用最少的临时变量.<br /><br />//////答案会在明天给出/////不难哦..<br />                         <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/12976.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-09-26 12:57 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/26/12976.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>趣味试题⒈</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/26/12973.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Tue, 26 Sep 2006 04:28:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/26/12973.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/12973.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/26/12973.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>8</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/12973.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/12973.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
		<p>⒈ 用计算机模拟"迷宫问题",求出其中的一条通路.用数组MAZE( 1..M,1..N)表示迷宫,数组元素为1意味着死路,为0表示通路,MAZE(1,1)为迷宫入口,MAZE(M,N)为迷宫出口.设计一个算法判别迷宫问题是否有解,有解则打印出一条路径.<br /><br />//////大家来做做吧,看起来很有味哦///////</p>
<img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/12973.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-09-26 12:28 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/26/12973.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>七条对于中国大学软件专业同学一些建议(精)</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/25/12959.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Mon, 25 Sep 2006 14:57:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/25/12959.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/12959.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/25/12959.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>10</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/12959.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/12959.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<strong>Seven Suggestions to Computer Science Students</strong>
		</span>
		<span>
				<br />
				<br />
				<strong>1，不要玩游戏，至少不要玩网络游戏</strong>
		</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
		</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">我认识计算机专业比较好的大学朋友中没有一个玩网络游戏的</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">.<br /><br /><b>2</b></span>
		<b>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">，不要用分数衡量自己专业能力。</span>
		</b>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
		</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">自己一定要多去写程序，多去看代码肯定是对的。对于软件专业同学千万不要认为一分纸上试题可以代表你专业的能力。最初学习程序语言都是坚持每天写</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">50-100</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">行以上代码，这样才能快速熟悉语法和程序入门基础。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />
				<b>3</b>
		</span>
		<b>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">，培养学习的能力。</span>
		</b>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
		</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">老师带领下学会一个东西很容易，尝试之前自己去学习，然后再去学，这样可以学习可以发现自己什么地方学习能力不足。学习的能力是一种大学最需要培养的专业能力的核心，如果你即时一个专业或者程序语言学习再好，但是却不能自我学习的能力，势必会被日益发展的技术所淘汰的。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />
				<b>4</b>
		</span>
		<b>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">，培养团队意识</span>
		</b>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
		</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">不要吝啬自己的代码，多去主动分享，好的代码都是改出来的。如果可以在大学中建立或者加入一个团队一起学习，将可以获得意外的收获。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />
				<b>5</b>
		</span>
		<b>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">，把自己放到软件行业去衡量，而不是自己的学校。</span>
		</b>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
		</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">不要在同学之间互相竞争，你需要对比的是所有从事软件行业的专业人员，因为软件专业是没有年龄的。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />
				<b>6</b>
		</span>
		<b>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">，不要忽视基础。</span>
		</b>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
		</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">基础像地基，如果没有基础房屋到后面就很难扩展了。基础和武侠小说中的内功是一样的，没有内功的招式是没有用的。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />
				<b>7, </b>
		</span>
		<b>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">不要被外界环境干扰。</span>
		</b>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
		</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">自我控制对于今天在中国大学一起学习的同学是非常重要的，大多数同龄的</span>
<img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/12959.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-09-25 22:57 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/25/12959.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>计算机专业学生的基本的学习材料 (转载)</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/25/12958.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Mon, 25 Sep 2006 14:56:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/25/12958.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/12958.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/25/12958.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>4</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/12958.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/12958.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<strong>Basic Learning Materials for Computer Majors</strong>
		</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />
		</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">这份材料是我在帮美国</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">MIT</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">William Stallings</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">博士汉化站点的时候的一部分内容，感觉对如同我一样处在学习阶段的读者帮助会很大。写给大家，希望能对大家有所帮助。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />
		</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">由于此处链接编辑繁琐，文字上的超级链接不能正常使用，完整的文章可以参考下面的地址：</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<a href="http://www.zengyihome.net/articles/st/references.htm">
						<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">http://www.zengyihome.net/articles/st/references.htm</span>
				</a>
				<br />
				<br />
				<br />
		</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">关于一些计算数学基础性的材料</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Math Refresher:</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">这个概论覆盖了你在高中学得很多东西，你可能已经忘记了。包括一些正弦和对数函数的基本的公式，一个关于</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> log </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">变化率的讨论</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">,</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">以及离散概率论基础，</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">William Stallings</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">编写，</span>
		<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /?>
		<st1:chsdate w:st="on" year="2002" month="2" day="8" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2002</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">年</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">月</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">8</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">日</span>
		</st1:chsdate>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">更新。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Number Systems: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">十进制，二进制，十六进制，包括了一个关于数制转换的讨论，</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">William Stallings</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">编写。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Queuing Analysis: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">一个对计算机科学家非常重要的工具的实践指南</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">William Stallings</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">编写。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Theoretical Computer Science Cheat Sheet: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">路易斯安纳州立大学</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Steven Seiden</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">教授编写</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">,10</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">页的常用公式以及其他一些对计算机科学家很有用的信息，版本</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2.01</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">，</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1999</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">年</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">9</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">月编写。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />The Mathematical Atlas: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">一个关于数学方面的非常大的文章收藏。每篇文章都对本学科，应用以及相关的领域和一些选择性的话题作了基本的介绍。这里还提供了很多讨论这些问题的详细材料，提供书籍下载和在线浏览两种方式。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Topics in Mathematics: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">网上的数学资源链接，</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
		</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">按照话题组织在一起</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">,</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">，有关键字搜索功能。这个站点同时也显示了阅读这些材料所需的数学背景知识。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Math Tables and Formulas: Tables featured include </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">三角恒等式</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
		</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">，推论</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">, </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">不定积分，定积分，二项式系数及其公式</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">, </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">这里还提供了一个搜索引擎以及到其他</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">S.O.S</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">站点和</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">S.O.S</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">数学讨论板的链接。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Math Reference Tables: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">一个极好的提供下载数学资料列表收集。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Prime Mathematics Encyclopedia: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">一个数学术语与概念的很丰富的收集。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />
				<br />
				<b>How-To</b>
				<br />
				<br />How to Solve and Write Up Homework Problems: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">来自巴尔的摩的马里兰州大学</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">  Alan Sherman</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">教授的有帮助的建议。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Advice on Writing Technical Reports: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">这个也是</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Alan Sherman</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">教授编写的。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Advice on Research and Writing: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">关于如何去研究以及如何去有效的与人有效的交流的建议的收集</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> (</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">主要是面对计算机科学家的</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">)</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。其中包括了一些很好的链接。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Richard Felder`s Student Handouts: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">一些写给学生的有用的建议包括一些与考试相关的帖子。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />How to Present a Paper in Theoretical Computer Science: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">北德克萨斯州大学</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Ian Parberry</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">教授编写</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> , </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">美国计算机协会自动机遇科技酸性理论专业组（</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">SIGACT</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">）</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2000</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">年</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">月新闻。这是一个</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">zipped postscript</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">格式的各种计算机科学论文的写作指南。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />How to Write an Abstract: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">卡内基</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">.</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">梅隆大学</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Philip Koopman</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">教授编写</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
		</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。写计算机论文摘要的很好的建议。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />William Strunk`s The Elements of Style (1918 edition, online):</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">虽然这份材料已经写了很久了</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">,</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">这份短小的名作对改善你写作风格所起的作用比一些较新的要大得多。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
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				<br />Online Resources for Writers: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">在线写作资源的一些很好的链接的收集。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
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				<br />Writing Guide: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">来自</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Henson</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">学院一份很有用的总论性的论文写作指导。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Guide to Grammar and Writing: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">极好的一份写作与语法的彻底的讨论</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">,</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">包括一些指南，链接以及</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> FAQ</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />Efficient Reading of Papers in Science and Technology: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">这个小册子来自一个神秘的作者，很值得学习一下。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />How To Study </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">一个提供给学生如何学习的建议的网站</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
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		</span>
		<b>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">研究资源</span>
		</b>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Networked Computer Science Technical Reference Library: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">一个国际性的，提供给非商业性使用的用户，从很多研究会和档案室收集来的计算机科学研究报告及论文集。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Computer Science Directory: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">一个组织良好的计算机科学论文与算法的搜索。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">通过很多来源组织到一起的计算机科学的科学著作参考书目，涵盖了计算机科学的大部分内容。每月更新，已经有近一百万个参考书籍。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
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				<br />INFOMIME</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">一个具有大学水平的提供给老师，学生以及研究人员的虚拟图书馆</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Internet</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">资源。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Links for Computer Science Researchers </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">一个极好的链接收集。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
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		</span>
		<b>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">其他丰富的资源</span>
		</b>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Dictionary of Algorithms, Data Structures, and Problems: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">包括定义，问题分析，源代码样例，有些例子有动画演示。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Free Online Dictionary of Computing: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">含有交叉引用的在线术语表。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
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				<br />Computer Related Acronyms: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">在线缩略语表。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Acronyms and Abbreviations: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">缩略语查找。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
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				<br />Association for Computer Machinery (ACM):</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">我强烈建议每个计算机科学专业的学生都加入会员。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">同上。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />Numerical Prefixes: kilo, mega</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的两重含义及其他。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
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				<br />Conversion Factors: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">这个文档提供了从英国度量衡转换到公制系统</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">(SI</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">单元</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">)</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的方法。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
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				<br />Conversion Web Site: </span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">转换器，单位和度量标准，数据表以及工具的一个收集。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
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				<br />Treasure Trove of Paper Summaries:</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">由很多计算机研究生一起编写的，这份摘要是写作的很有用的指南，同时他们提供了一个如何写作报告，论文，书的很好的向导。</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
				<br />
				<br />What the Professor Really Means:</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">教授的言外之意</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[</span>
		<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">你应当学会适应老师的语言艺术</span>
		<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">]</span>
<img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/12958.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-09-25 22:56 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/25/12958.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>/////    掌握链表的必备知识点   ////// </title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/25/12957.html</link><dc:creator>冬天¤不回来</dc:creator><author>冬天¤不回来</author><pubDate>Mon, 25 Sep 2006 14:47:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/25/12957.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/12957.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/25/12957.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>4</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/comments/commentRss/12957.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/services/trackbacks/12957.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
		<p>//////////////////////下面给出链表LINKEDLIST 的完整申明 LINKEDLIST.H，假设结点的申明在头文件node.h中//////////<br />//////////////////////    掌握链表的必备知识点   //////////////////////<br />////////////////////本人仓促整理 应该有不少错误,node.h会马上给出//////////<br />#include&lt;iostream.h&gt;<br />#include&lt;stdlib.h&gt;               //exit(1) 退出函数。<br />#include"node.h"<br />template&lt;class t&gt;<br />enum boolean{false,true}         //将FALSE 和 TRUE 固定为0和1。<br />class linkedlist<br />{<br />   private:<br />    node&lt;t&gt; *front,*rear;        //指向表头和表尾的指针。<br />    node&lt;t&gt; *prevptr,*currtr;    //用于访问数据，插入和删除结点的指针。<br />    int size;<br />    int position;<br />       node&lt;t&gt; *getnode(const t&amp; item, node&lt;t&gt; *ptr==null);   //申请及释放结点空间的函数。<br />    node&lt;t&gt; freenode(node&lt;t&gt; *p);<br />   public:<br />    linkedlist(void);<br />    ~linkedlist(void);<br />    linkedlist&lt;t&gt; &amp; operator = (const linkedlist&lt;t&gt; &amp;orglist);       //重载赋值运算赋。<br />       int size&lt;void&gt; const;<br />       boolean isempty(void) const;<br />    int nextnode(void);                            // 重新定位结点<br />    int setposition(int pos);<br />    int getposition(void)const;         <br />    void insertat(const t&amp; item);                  //插入结点.<br />    void insertafter(const t&amp; item);<br />    void deleteat(void);                           //删除结点.<br />    void deleteafter(void);<br />    t getdata(void) const;                         //修改和访问数据的函数。<br />    void setdata(const t&amp; item);<br />       void clear(void);<br />};</p>
		<p>
				<br />template &lt;class t&gt;<br />node&lt;t&gt; *linkedlist&lt;t&gt;::getnode(const t&amp;item ,node&lt;t&gt; *ptr);<br />{<br /> node&lt;t&gt; *newnode = new node&lt;t&gt;(item ptr);<br /> if(!newnode)<br /> {<br />  cerr&lt;&lt;"faied"&lt;&lt;e&lt;endl;<br />  return null'<br /> }<br /> return newnode;                                   // 返回指向新生成接点的指针<br />}</p>
		<p>
				<br />template &lt;class t&gt;<br />void *linkedlist&lt;t&gt;::freenode(node&lt;t&gt; *ptr)<br />{<br /> if(!ptr)<br /> {<br />  cerr&lt;&lt;"invalid node pointer!"&lt;&lt;endl;<br />  return 0;<br /> }<br /> delete ptr;<br />}</p>
		<p>
				<br />template &lt;class t&gt;                                    //构造函数 建立一个空链表。<br />linkedlist&lt;t&gt;::linkedlist&lt;void&gt;:front(null),rear(null),prevter(null),currptr(null),size(0),position(-1)<br />{}</p>
		<p>template &lt;class t&gt;<br />linkedlist::~linkedlist()<br />{<br /> clear();<br />}</p>
		<p>
				<br />template &lt;class t&gt;                                   //重载赋值运算符的函数.<br />linkedlist&lt;t&gt; &amp;linkedlist&lt;t&gt;::operator = (const linkedlist&lt;t&gt; *orglist)<br />{<br /> node&lt;t&gt; *p = orglist.front;<br /> clear();                                         //这里清空链表是为了给复制做好准备么？<br /> while(p)  //                                    这里想不明白，大家帮我详细解释下？  <br /> {<br />  insertafter(p-&gt;data);<br />  p=p-&gt;nextnode();<br /> }        //                                     ENDL；<br />setposition(orglist.position);                       //这又是什么意思？要去复习重载了。<br />return *this;                                        </p>
		<p>
				<br />template &lt;class t&gt;<br />int linkedlist&lt;t&gt;::size(void) const<br />{<br /> return size;<br />}</p>
		<p>
				<br />template &lt;class t&gt;<br />boolean linkedlist&lt;t&gt;::isempty(void) const<br />{<br /> return size?false:ture;<br />}</p>
		<p>
				<br />template &lt;class t&gt;<br />int linkedlist&lt;t&gt;::nextnode(void)<br />{<br /> if(position&gt;=0 &amp;&amp; position&lt;size)<br /> {<br />  position++;                                   //将当前结点往后移了一位。<br />        prevptr = currptr;<br />  currptr = currptr-&gt;nextnode();<br /> }<br /> else<br /> {<br />  position = size;                                //否则将此结点设置为最后结点。<br />        return position;<br /> }<br />}</p>
		<p>
				<br />template &lt;class t&gt;                                   //链表中重置当前结点位置的函数。<br />int linkedlist&lt;t&gt;::setpostion(int pos)<br />{<br /> if(!size)<br />  return -1;<br /> if(pos&lt;0||pos&gt;size-1)<br /> {<br />  cerr&lt;&lt;"error position"&lt;&lt;endl;<br />  return -1;<br /> }<br /> prevptr = null;<br /> currptr = front;<br /> position = 0;<br /> for(int k=0;k&lt;pos;k++)<br /> {<br />  position++;<br />  prevptr = currptr;<br />  currptr = currptr-&gt;nextnode();<br /> }<br /> return position;<br />}</p>
		<p>
				<br />template &lt;class t&gt;<br />int linkedlist::getposition(void)const<br />{<br /> return position;<br />}</p>
		<p> </p>
		<p>template &lt;class t&gt;                       //重要：链表中在当前结点处插入新结点的函数；<br />void linkedlist&lt;t&gt;::insertat(const t&amp; item)<br />{<br /> node&lt;t&gt; *newnode;<br /> if(!size)                            //空表中插入。<br /> {<br />  newnode = getnode(item, front);<br />  front = rear = newnode;<br />  position = 0;<br /> }<br /> else if(!prevptr)                   //在表头插入                  <br /> {<br />  newnode = getnode(item , front);<br />        front = newnode;<br /> } <br /> else                                //在链表中间插入插入<br /> {  <br />  newnode = getnode(item , front);<br />  prevptr = insertafter(newnode);<br /> }<br /> size++;<br /> currptr = newnode;                  //新插入的结点为当前结点<br />}</p>
		<p> </p>
		<p>template &lt;class t&gt;                       //重要：链表中在当前结点后插入新结点的函数；<br />void linkedlist&lt;t&gt;::insertafter(const t&amp; item)<br />{<br /> node&lt;t&gt; *newnode;<br /> if(!size)                            //空表中插入。<br /> {<br />  newnode = getnode(item);<br />  front = rear = newnode;<br />  position = 0;<br /> }<br /> else if(currptr == rear||!currptr)   //在链表尾插入<br /> {<br />  newnode = getnode(item);<br />  rear-&gt;insertafter(newnode);<br />  prevptr=newnode;<br />  rear = newnode;<br />  position = size;<br /> }<br /> else<br /> {<br />  newnode = getnode(item ,currptr-&gt;nextnode());    //  在表的中间插入<br />  currptr-&gt;insertafter(newnode);<br />  prevptr = currptr;<br />  position++<br /> }<br />  size++;<br />  currptr = newnode;<br />}</p>
		<p>
				<br />template &lt;class t&gt;<br />void linkedlist&lt;t&gt;::deleteat(void)                  //重要：删除当前结点的函数<br />{<br /> node&lt;t&gt; *oldnode;<br /> if(!currptr)                                     //若表为空或者已到表尾，则给出错误提示并返回<br /> {<br />  cerr&lt;&lt;"currptr position is invalid!"&lt;&lt;endl;<br />  return;<br /> }<br /> if(!prevtr)                                       //删除表头结点。<br /> {<br />  oldnode = front;<br />  front = currptr-&gt;nextnode();<br /> }<br /> else<br /> {<br />  oldnode = prevptr-&gt;deleteafter();            //删除的是表中结点；<br /> } <br /> if(oldnode == rear) <br /> {<br />  rear = prevptr;                              //删除的是表尾结点，则修改表尾指针和当前位置结点值<br />  position--;<br /> }<br /> currptr = oldnode-&gt;nextnode();                  //后续结点作为新的当前结点<br /> freenode(oldnode);                              //释放原当前结点<br /> size--;                                         //链表大小减1；<br />}</p>
		<p> </p>
		<p>template &lt;class t&gt;<br />void linkedlist&lt;t&gt;::deleteafter(void)<br />{<br /> node&lt;t&gt; *oldnode;<br /> if(!currptr||currptr==rear)<br /> {<br />  cerr&lt;&lt;"current position is invalid!"&lt;&lt;endl;<br />  return;<br /> }<br /> oldnode = currptr-&gt;deleteafter();                //保存被删除结点的指针并从链表中删除该结点。<br /> if(oldnode == rear)<br /> {<br />  rear == currptr;                              //删除的是表尾结点。<br /> }<br /> freenode(oldnode);<br /> size--;<br />}</p>
		<p> </p>
		<p>template &lt;class t&gt;                                  //获取当前结点的函数<br />T linkedlist&lt;t&gt;::getdata(void) const<br />{<br /> if(!size || !currptr)                              //若表为空或已经到达表尾之后，则出错。<br /> {<br />  cerr&lt;&lt;"currptr node not exit!"&lt;&lt;endl;           //给出错误信息并退出。<br />  exit(1);<br /> }<br /> return currptr-&gt;data;<br />}</p>
		<p>
				<br /> <br />template &lt;class t&gt;                                //链表中修改当前结点数据的函数<br />void linkedlist&lt;t&gt;::setdata(const T&amp; item)<br />{<br /> if(!size||!currptr)<br /> {<br />  cerr&lt;&lt;"data:current node not exit!"&lt;&lt;endl;<br />  exit(1);<br /> }<br /> currptr-&gt;data = item;<br />}</p>
		<p>
				<br />template &lt;class t&gt;<br />void linkedlist&lt;t&gt;::clear(void)<br />{<br /> node&lt;t&gt; *currptr=front,*nextnode;<br /> while(currnode)<br /> {<br />  nextnode = currnode-&gt;nextnode();<br />  freenode(currnode);<br />  currnode = nextnode;<br /> }<br /> front = rear = prevptr = currptr = null;                //修改空链表数据<br />    size = 0;<br /> position = -1;<br />}</p>
<img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/aggbug/12957.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/" target="_blank">冬天¤不回来</a> 2006-09-25 22:47 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/warrior0032/archive/2006/09/25/12957.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item></channel></rss>