﻿<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"><channel><title>C++博客-学习交流</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/</link><description /><language>zh-cn</language><lastBuildDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2026 07:06:28 GMT</lastBuildDate><pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2026 07:06:28 GMT</pubDate><ttl>60</ttl><item><title>UML学习笔记2</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/archive/2006/12/01/15863.html</link><dc:creator>邵腾飞</dc:creator><author>邵腾飞</author><pubDate>Fri, 01 Dec 2006 13:04:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/archive/2006/12/01/15863.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/comments/15863.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/archive/2006/12/01/15863.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/comments/commentRss/15863.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/services/trackbacks/15863.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用例图</span>
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						<o:p> </o:p>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设计用例图的关键在于对用例的层次分割，驱动过程如下：</span>
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				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<span style="mso-tab-count: 1">       首先设计</span>
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统级用例，然后由系统级用例分析得到</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">子系统级用例，再由子系统级用例细化得到</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">功能级用例。此时用例分析的目的就达到了。</span>
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																								<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统</span>
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																								<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">子系统</span>
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																								<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">功能</span>
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																								<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">子功能</span>
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																								<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">活动</span>
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																								<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用例级</span>
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																								<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">功能级</span>
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				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">请多指教啊：）</span> （用rational rose 设计）<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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						<o:p> </o:p>
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				<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">
						<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（系统级）空间导航系统用例图</span>
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						<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
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						<o:p> </o:p>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 8.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-para-margin-left: -.86gd; mso-char-indent-count: -1.5">
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用例说明：</span>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">1.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">      </span></span>
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">确定坐标系：通过探测到四颗特定恒星的距离，来确定自己在太阳系中的坐标。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">2.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">      </span></span>
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">虚拟空间镜像：读取数据库信息，建立虚拟场景，并显示飞船的位置和航线。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">3.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">      </span></span>
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">飞船状态分析：分析飞船的所存储的能源，食物，损坏程度计算飞船剩余的可飞行时间，速度上限。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">4.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">      </span></span>
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">探测空间：探测周围存在的小型天体，对它们的运动方程进行，在镜像中显示并做出安全预警。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">5.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">      </span></span>
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">航线管理：根据飞船的目的地信息，宇宙中继站信息和飞船飞行能力计算出一条最佳航线。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p>
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				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">6.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">      </span></span>
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">飞机控制计划：根据总的航线信息和危险预警信息产生飞船的控制计划。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p>
						</o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 72.0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p> </o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 72.0pt">
				<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">
						<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（子系统级）虚拟空间镜像系统用例图</span>
				</b>
				<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">
						<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
								<o:p>
								</o:p>
						</span>
				</b>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<v:shape id="_x0000_i1027" style="WIDTH: 441pt; HEIGHT: 234.75pt" type="#_x0000_t75">
								<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\SHAOTE~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.emz">
										<img height="314" alt="o_03.JPG" src="http://www.cppblog.com/images/cppblog_com/shaotengfei/3161/o_03.JPG" width="589" border="0" />
								</v:imagedata>
						</v:shape>
						<o:p>
						</o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt -27pt">
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">    用例说明：</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">1.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">        </span></span>
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设置参数：设置坐标系，镜像缩放比例，观察角度，观察坐标。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p>
						</o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">2.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">        </span></span>
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">静态数据虚拟：绘制行星和恒星，这些数据存储在计算机内，可以直接读取。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p>
						</o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">3.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">        </span></span>
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">动态数据虚拟：绘制以飞船为中心的球形范围内所有的天体，并反映他们的位置，形状和运动模拟。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p>
						</o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">4.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">        </span></span>
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">绘画飞船：绘制飞船的位置，并根据飞船的速度和方向更新飞船的位置。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p>
						</o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">5.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">        </span></span>
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">绘画航线：绘画主航线。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p>
						</o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US">
						<o:p> </o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">
						<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span>
				</b>
				<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">
						<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						</span>
				</b>
				<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">
						<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">功能级用例）静态数据虚拟</span>
				</b>
				<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">
						<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
								<o:p>
								</o:p>
						</span>
				</b>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<v:shape id="_x0000_i1028" style="WIDTH: 6in; HEIGHT: 202.5pt" type="#_x0000_t75">
								<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\SHAOTE~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.emz">
										<img height="271" alt="o_04.JPG" src="http://www.cppblog.com/images/cppblog_com/shaotengfei/3161/o_04.JPG" width="577" border="0" />
								</v:imagedata>
						</v:shape>
						<o:p>
						</o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p> </o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">
						<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（功能级用例）动态数据虚拟</span>
				</b>
				<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">
						<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
								<o:p>
								</o:p>
						</span>
				</b>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">
						<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
								<v:shape id="_x0000_i1029" style="WIDTH: 414.75pt; HEIGHT: 93.75pt" type="#_x0000_t75">
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												<img height="130" alt="o_05.JPG" src="http://www.cppblog.com/images/cppblog_com/shaotengfei/3161/o_05.JPG" width="554" border="0" />
										</v:imagedata>
								</v:shape>
								<o:p>
								</o:p>
						</span>
				</b>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用例说明：</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p>
						</o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<span style="mso-tab-count: 1">       </span>
						<o:p>
						</o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 42.25pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">1.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">        </span></span>
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">动态数据虚拟：数据在不断更新。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p>
						</o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 42.25pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">2.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">        </span></span>
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">采集数据：采集数据，并筛选出超过一定体积（如飞船的十分之一）天体，记录它们的位置，形状。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p>
						</o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 42.25pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">3.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">        </span></span>
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">拟合运动方程：根据天体的坐标和时间的数据，拟合它们的运动方程。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p>
						</o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 42.25pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">4.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">        </span></span>
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">绘画小型天体：绘制小型天体的位置，形状，运动模拟。</span>
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p>
						</o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
						<o:p> </o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US">
						<o:p> </o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p> </p>
<img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/aggbug/15863.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/" target="_blank">邵腾飞</a> 2006-12-01 21:04 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/archive/2006/12/01/15863.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>UML学习笔记1</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/archive/2006/11/11/15032.html</link><dc:creator>邵腾飞</dc:creator><author>邵腾飞</author><pubDate>Sat, 11 Nov 2006 15:07:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/archive/2006/11/11/15032.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/comments/15032.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/archive/2006/11/11/15032.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/comments/commentRss/15032.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/services/trackbacks/15032.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
		<font face="Courier New">  
<hr /><br /><img height="20" src="http://www.cppblog.com/Emoticons/QQ/smile.gif" width="20" border="0" /><br /><br />我的第一篇博客文章居然是个错误的论点（VC6.0中全局常量在编译时好像是当作宏定义优化处理了），这让我十分汗颜<img height="19" src="http://www.cppblog.com/Emoticons/red_smile.gif" width="19" border="0" />。<br /><br />发贴两天之后，我发现了自己的想法是错误的！<br /><br />灰溜溜的删除了处女作后，仍在担心已经有几个读了此贴，给他们带来了误会啊<img height="20" src="http://www.cppblog.com/Emoticons/hitwall.gif" width="25" border="0" />。<br /><br />我保证以后发贴一定慎重又慎重！<br /><br /><hr /><hr /><img height="20" src="http://www.cppblog.com/Emoticons/QQ/smile.gif" width="20" border="0" /><br />以前老师常说，学语言是学到了软件的下乘东西，专科生都可以无师自通，要学我们就学设计。<br />可是……我们班都误解了老师，老师的意思是编程序应该由我们自学，我们放弃了编程，设计又没学好，结果连专科生都不如……。<br /><br />请一起反思，无论你是爱好编程，还是爱好设计，编程是基础，让我们从编程开始。<br /><hr /><br /><hr /><img height="20" src="http://www.cppblog.com/Emoticons/QQ/smile.gif" width="20" border="0" /><br />UML 统一建模语言，是一种建模方法，对建模对象进行模型抽象与形式描述的方法。<br />建模方法 ＝ 过程 ＋ 表示法 ＋ 扩展机制；<br />过程：描述软件开发中所遵循的有序步骤。（需求分析、概要设计，……）<br />表示法：描述建模开发过程中所采用的模型的表示语言及符号。（UML图描述，ACME描述，……）<br />扩展机制：应用于 适应领域应用变化 的可扩充语言表示。<br /><br />UML 就是告诉你一种方法，让你对软件进行建模（设计）。<br /><hr />
从建模方法上看，<br /><br />对象：现实世界任何事物的抽象化描述，问题域中可用结构模型定义的<font color="#0000ff">实体</font>。<br />属性：描述对象的内部<font color="#0000ff">状态信息</font>和<font color="#0000ff">数据结构</font>。<br />操作：描述对象的外部<font color="#0000ff">状态信息</font>和<font color="#0000ff">通讯方式</font>。<br />关系：不同对象间具有规律性的<font color="#0000ff">关联抽象</font>。<br />结构：对象单元的分类结构，组装结构。<br />机制：封装机制，继承机制，聚集机制，消息机制。<br /><br /></font>
		<font face="Courier New">
				<font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff99">面向对象 ＝ 对象 （属性，操作，封装）<br />         ＋ 结构 （分类，组装）<br />         ＋ 关系 （关联，泛化，聚集）<br />         ＋ 通信 （消息，执行方法）<br /></font>
				<br />
				<hr />
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		<br />结构化方法并不是比面向对象差，只不过它是刚性的，不利于维护，不要完全抛弃结构化思想。在大型软件设计中，开始可用结构化思维分块，再用面向对象分析设计。<br /><hr /><br />下面介绍一些概念：<br /><br />对象：问题域中有意义事物的抽象。<br />类：    问题域中同类对象的抽象化结构表示——一组具有相同属性集和操作集的对象。（抽象化对象）<br />实例：由类创建的新对象。（具体化对象）<br /><br /><font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff99">对象的抽象化即为类<br />类的实例化即为对象<br /><br /><font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff">模板表示<br />抽象类：主要用于定义接口，其操作可推延到子类中实现。<br />具体类：主要用于实现父类的具体操作，可实例化的类。<br /><br />粒度：软件分类的可封装的独立单元的大小程度。（重用性）<br />层次：可分解的相关单元的叠放次序。<br /><br />操作：属性的操作即数据的存取方法（Method），状态迁移的瞬时行为（Action），<br />            对象的服务（Service）即与外界进行消息通信的方法。<br /><br />泛化：对概念的共性抽象与特性识别，体现抽象对象（类）间的一般/特殊关系，<br />            抽象对象间父类与子类关系的继承表示，可用于构成层次化的分类结构。<br />聚合：对实体构成的实例描述，体现具体对象间的整体/部分关系，具体对象分解/组合关系的聚集表示，<br />            可用于构成组装结构。<br />            组成是聚合关系的一种特例，组成用于表示部分与整体共存，如车轮类是构成车类的部件。<br />依赖：表示相关对象间的变化/影响关系。<br /><br /><br />如何开发软件？<br />        <font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">软件的开发过程沿主工作流推进，软件优化过程按迭代工作流展开，以用例（事务，活动）驱动软件构架。<br /></font><br />主工作流：需求，分析，设计，实现，评估<br />驱动过程：<br />                  用例 ——》   事务 ——》   活动 ——》动作<br />                     |<br />                  构架 ——》   初始 ——》   细化 ——》精化<br />                     |<br />                  构件 ——》   对象 ——》   模板 ——》实例<br /><br />UML描述：<br /><img height="325" alt="o_04.JPG" src="http://www.cppblog.com/images/cppblog_com/shaotengfei/3163/o_04.JPG" width="538" border="0" /><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">    </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><br /><br /><br />初始：目标/功能/案例<br />细化：构架/构件/对象<br /><br /><br /><font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">UML的基本构造块 ： 部件、关系、图<br /><br /></font><font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff">部件：结构 ＋ 行为 ＋ 分组 ＋ 注释 ；<br /><br />结构：用例，对象类，角色，构件，节点，接口；<br />行为：交互，协作，活动，状态；<br />分组：包，框架，子系统；<br />注释：说明，标注，注解；<br /><br />构造关系：关联、聚集、泛化、依赖<br /><br />图……<br /><br />关于图的，下次再依次详细解释吧（最近老加班，估计到下周末才有时间:)<br />每种图都会介绍它的作用，如何驱动。<br />每个例子都会以 图 ＋ 图元编号 ＋小说明 进行解释。<br /><br />当然这一切都建立在我知道如何在这里贴图的条件上，有谁知道请告诉我。<br /><br />我想用Rational Rose 或 Visio2003 画图，请高手告诉我如何贴图，谢谢了。<br /></font></span></span></span></span></p></font></font><img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/aggbug/15032.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/" target="_blank">邵腾飞</a> 2006-11-11 23:07 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/shaotengfei/archive/2006/11/11/15032.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item></channel></rss>