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/**
 * Boot from a network device
 *
 * @v netdev  Network device
 * @ret rc  Return status code
 */
static int netboot ( struct net_device *netdev ) {
 char buf[256];
 struct in_addr next_server;
 int rc;

 /* Open device and display device status */
 if ( ( rc = ifopen ( netdev ) ) != 0 )
  return rc;
 ifstat ( netdev );

 /* Wait for link-up */
 printf ( "Waiting for link-up on %s...", netdev->name );
 if ( ( rc = iflinkwait ( netdev, LINK_WAIT_MS ) ) != 0 ) {
  printf ( " no link detected\n" );
  return rc;
 }
 printf ( " ok\n" );

 /* Configure device via DHCP */
 if ( ( rc = dhcp ( netdev ) ) != 0 )
  return rc;
 route();

 /* Try to boot an embedded image if we have one */
 rc = boot_embedded_image ();
 if ( rc != ENOENT )
  return rc;

 /* Try to download and boot whatever we are given as a filename */
 fetch_ipv4_setting ( NULL, &next_server_setting, &next_server );
 fetch_string_setting ( NULL, &filename_setting, buf, sizeof ( buf ) );
 if ( buf[0] ) {
  printf ( "Booting from filename \"%s\"\n", buf );
  return boot_next_server_and_filename ( next_server, buf );
 }
 
 /* No filename; try the root path */
 fetch_string_setting ( NULL, &root_path_setting, buf, sizeof ( buf ) );
 if ( buf[0] ) {
  printf ( "Booting from root path \"%s\"\n", buf );
  return boot_root_path ( buf );
 }

 printf ( "No filename or root path specified\n" );
 return -ENOENT;
}

关注其中的boot_next_server_and_filename()函数, 该函数实现如下：
/**
 * Boot using next-server and filename
 *
 * @v filename  Boot filename
 * @ret rc  Return status code
 */
static int boot_next_server_and_filename ( struct in_addr next_server,
        const char *filename ) {
 struct uri *uri;
 struct image *image;
 char buf[ 23 /* tftp://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/ */ + strlen(filename) + 1 ];
 int filename_is_absolute;
 int rc;

 /* Construct URI */
 uri = parse_uri ( filename );
 if ( ! uri ) {
  printf ( "Out of memory\n" );
  return -ENOMEM;
 }
 filename_is_absolute = uri_is_absolute ( uri );
 uri_put ( uri );
 if ( ! filename_is_absolute ) {
  /* Construct a tftp:// URI for the filename.  We can't
   * just rely on the current working URI, because the
   * relative URI resolution will remove the distinction
   * between filenames with and without initial slashes,
   * which is significant for TFTP.
   */
  snprintf ( buf, sizeof ( buf ), "tftp://%s/%s",
      inet_ntoa ( next_server ), filename );
  filename = buf;
 }

 image = alloc_image();
 if ( ! image ) {
  printf ( "Out of memory\n" );
  return -ENOMEM;
 }
 if ( ( rc = imgfetch ( image, filename,
          register_and_autoload_image ) ) != 0 ) {
  printf ( "Could not load %s: %s\n",
    filename, strerror ( rc ) );
  goto done;
 }
 if ( ( rc = imgexec ( image ) ) != 0 ) {
  printf ( "Could not boot %s: %s\n",
    filename, strerror ( rc ) );
  goto done;
 }

 done:
 image_put ( image );
 return rc;
}

其中imgfetch函数用于从服务器获取启动镜像，而imgexec 函数用于执行启动镜像，imgfetch函数实现如下：
/**
 * Fetch an image
 *
 * @v uri_string URI as a string (e.g. "http://www.nowhere.com/vmlinuz")
 * @v name  Name for image, or NULL
 * @v register_image Image registration routine
 * @ret rc  Return status code
 */
int imgfetch ( struct image *image, const char *uri_string,
        int ( * image_register ) ( struct image *image ) ) {
 struct uri *uri;
 int rc;

 if ( ! ( uri = parse_uri ( uri_string ) ) )
  return -ENOMEM;

 image_set_uri ( image, uri );

 if ( ( rc = create_downloader ( &monojob, image, image_register,
     LOCATION_URI, uri ) ) == 0 )
  rc = monojob_wait ( uri_string );

 uri_put ( uri );
 return rc;
}
其中create_downloader函数执行下载任务，改函数实现如下：
/**
 * Instantiate a downloader
 *
 * @v job  Job control interface
 * @v image  Image to fill with downloaded file
 * @v register_image Image registration routine
 * @v type  Location type to pass to xfer_open()
 * @v ...  Remaining arguments to pass to xfer_open()
 * @ret rc  Return status code
 *
 * Instantiates a downloader object to download the specified URI into
 * the specified image object.  If the download is successful, the
 * image registration routine @c register_image() will be called.
 */
int create_downloader ( struct job_interface *job, struct image *image,
   int ( * register_image ) ( struct image *image ),
   int type, ... ) {
 struct downloader *downloader;
 va_list args;
 int rc;

 /* Allocate and initialise structure */
 downloader = zalloc ( sizeof ( *downloader ) );
 if ( ! downloader )
  return -ENOMEM;
 downloader->refcnt.free = downloader_free;
 job_init ( &downloader->job, &downloader_job_operations,
     &downloader->refcnt );
 xfer_init ( &downloader->xfer, &downloader_xfer_operations,
      &downloader->refcnt );
 downloader->image = image_get ( image );
 downloader->register_image = register_image;
 va_start ( args, type );

 /* Instantiate child objects and attach to our interfaces */
 if ( ( rc = xfer_vopen ( &downloader->xfer, type, args ) ) != 0 )
  goto err;

 /* Attach parent interface, mortalise self, and return */
 job_plug_plug ( &downloader->job, job );
 ref_put ( &downloader->refcnt );
 va_end ( args );
 return 0;

 err:
 downloader_finished ( downloader, rc );
 ref_put ( &downloader->refcnt );
 va_end ( args );
 return rc;
}
注意到struct downloader，看看downloader的具体定义:

/** A downloader */
struct downloader {
 /** Reference count for this object */
 struct refcnt refcnt;

 /** Job control interface */
 struct job_interface job;
 /** Data transfer interface */
 struct xfer_interface xfer;

 /** Image to contain downloaded file */
 struct image *image;
 /** Current position within image buffer */
 size_t pos;
 /** Image registration routine */
 int ( * register_image ) ( struct image *image );
};
来看看其中的struct xfer_interface xfer的定义：

/** Data transfer interface operations */
struct xfer_interface_operations {
 /** Close interface
  *
  * @v xfer  Data transfer interface
  * @v rc  Reason for close
  */
 void ( * close ) ( struct xfer_interface *xfer, int rc );
 /** Redirect to new location
  *
  * @v xfer  Data transfer interface
  * @v type  New location type
  * @v args  Remaining arguments depend upon location type
  * @ret rc  Return status code
  */
 int ( * vredirect ) ( struct xfer_interface *xfer, int type,
         va_list args );
 /** Check flow control window
  *
  * @v xfer  Data transfer interface
  * @ret len  Length of window
  *
  * Flow control is regarded as advisory but not mandatory.
  * Users who have control over their own rate of data
  * generation should perform a flow control check before
  * generating new data.  Users who have no control (such as
  * NIC drivers or filter layers) are not obliged to check.
  *
  * Data transfer interfaces must be prepared to accept
  * datagrams even if they are advertising a window of zero
  * bytes.
  */
 size_t ( * window ) ( struct xfer_interface *xfer );
 /** Allocate I/O buffer
  *
  * @v xfer  Data transfer interface
  * @v len  I/O buffer payload length
  * @ret iobuf  I/O buffer
  */
 struct io_buffer * ( * alloc_iob ) ( struct xfer_interface *xfer,
          size_t len );
 /** Deliver datagram as I/O buffer with metadata
  *
  * @v xfer  Data transfer interface
  * @v iobuf  Datagram I/O buffer
  * @v meta  Data transfer metadata
  * @ret rc  Return status code
  *
  * A data transfer interface that wishes to support only raw
  * data delivery should set this method to
  * xfer_deliver_as_raw().
  */
 int ( * deliver_iob ) ( struct xfer_interface *xfer,
    struct io_buffer *iobuf,
    struct xfer_metadata *meta );
 /** Deliver datagram as raw data
  *
  * @v xfer  Data transfer interface
  * @v data  Data buffer
  * @v len  Length of data buffer
  * @ret rc  Return status code
  *
  * A data transfer interface that wishes to support only I/O
  * buffer delivery should set this method to
  * xfer_deliver_as_iob().
  */
 int ( * deliver_raw ) ( struct xfer_interface *xfer,
    const void *data, size_t len );
};

/** A data transfer interface */
struct xfer_interface {
 /** Generic object communication interface */
 struct interface intf;
 /** Operations for received messages */
 struct xfer_interface_operations *op;
};
其中struct xfer_interface_operations *op的初始化如下
哈哈，下载主要干事的家伙在这里，代码里面到处都是用c实现面向对象
/** Downloader data transfer interface operations */
static struct xfer_interface_operations downloader_xfer_operations = {
 .close  = downloader_xfer_close,
 .vredirect = xfer_vopen,
 .window  = unlimited_xfer_window,
 .alloc_iob = default_xfer_alloc_iob,
 .deliver_iob = downloader_xfer_deliver_iob,
 .deliver_raw = xfer_deliver_as_iob,
};
imgexec函数的实现如下：
/**
 * Execute loaded image
 *
 * @v image  Loaded image
 * @ret rc  Return status code
 */
int image_exec ( struct image *image ) {
 struct uri *old_cwuri;
 int rc;

 /* Image must be loaded first */
 if ( ! ( image->flags & IMAGE_LOADED ) ) {
  DBGC ( image, "IMAGE %p could not execute: not loaded\n",
         image );
  return -ENOTTY;
 }

 assert ( image->type != NULL );

 /* Check that image is actually executable */
 if ( ! image->type->exec )
  return -ENOEXEC;

 /* Switch current working directory to be that of the image itself */
 old_cwuri = uri_get ( cwuri );
 churi ( image->uri );

 /* Try executing the image 又见到工厂，插件式设计思想*/
 if ( ( rc = image->type->exec ( image ) ) != 0 ) {
  DBGC ( image, "IMAGE %p could not execute: %s\n",
         image, strerror ( rc ) );
  goto done;
 }

 done:
 /* Reset current working directory */
 churi ( old_cwuri );
 uri_put ( old_cwuri );

 return rc;
}

— Asio is in a namespace called asio::, whereas Boost.Asio puts everything under boost::asio::.

— The main Asio header file is called asio.hpp. The corresponding header in Boost.Asio is boost/asio.hpp. All other headers are similarly changed.

— Any macros used by or defined in Asio are prefixed with ASIO_. In Boost.Asio they are prefixed with BOOST_ASIO_.

— Asio includes a class for launching threads, asio::thread. Boost.Asio does not include this class, to avoid overlap with the Boost.Thread library

— Boost.Asio uses the Boost.System library to provide support for error codes (boost::system::error_code and boost::system::system_error). Asio includes these under its own namespace (asio::error_code and asio::system_error). The Boost.System version of these classes currently supports better extensibility for user-defined error codes. 需要包含<boost/system/system_error.hpp> 头文件

— Asio is header-file-only and for most uses does not require linking against any Boost library. Boost.Asio always requires that you link against the Boost.System library, and also against Boost.Thread if you want to launch threads using boost::thread.需要包含<boost/thread.hpp>