dec               Turns on dec flag.                       Input/Output

endl              Output a newline character and           Output
                  flush the stream.

ends              Output a null.                           Output

fixed             Turns on fixed flag.                     Output

flush             Flush a stream.                          Output

hex               Turns on hex flag.                       Input/Output

internal          Turns on internal flag.                  Output

left              Turns on left flag.                      Output

nobooalpha        Turns off boolalpha flag.                Input/Output

noshowbase        Turns off showbase flag.                 Output

noshowpoint       Turns off showpoint flag.                Output

noshowpos         Turns off showpos flag.                  Output

noskipws          Turns off skipws flag.                   Input

nounitbuf         Turns off unitbuf flag.                  Output

nouppercase       Turns off uppercase flag.                Output

oct               Turns on oct flag.                       Input/Output

resetiosflags     Turn off the flags specified in f.       Input/Output
(fmtflags f)

right             Turns on right flag.                     Output

scientific        Turns on scientific flag.                Output

setbase(int base) Set the number base to base.             Input/Output

setfill(int ch)   Set the fill character to ch.            Output

setiosflags       Turn on the flags specified in f.        Input/output
(fmtflags f)

setprecision      Set the number of digits of precision.   Output
(int p)

setw(int w)       Set the field width to w.                Output

showbase          Turns on showbase flag.                  Output

showpoint         Turns on showpoint flag.                 Output

showpos           Turns on showpos flag.                   Output

skipws            Turns on skipws flag.                    Input

unitbuf           Turns on unitbuf flag.                   Output

uppercase         Turns on uppercase flag.                 Output

ws                Skip leading white space.                Input

*/

eg2.
ostream& sethex(ostream& stream)
{
 stream.setf(ios::showbase);
 stream.setf(ios::hex, ios::basefield);  //用十六进制插入或抽取一个整型数据
 return stream;
}
int main ()
{
 cout << 256 << " " << sethex << 256 << endl; //output:256 0x100
 return 0;
}
注：其他标志见ios_base::fmtflags（MSDN）
eg3. 自定义个性输出1
ostream &ra(ostream &stream)
{
  stream << "--> ";
  return stream;
}

ostream &la(ostream &stream)
{
  stream << " <--";
  return stream;
}

int main()
{
  cout << "AAA" << ra << 33.23 << endl;  //output: AAA--> 33.23
  cout << "BBB" << ra << 67.66 << la;  //output: BBB--> 67.66 <--

  return 0;
}
eg4.自定义个性输出2
ostream &setup(ostream &stream)
{
  stream.width(10); //stream<<setw(10)
  stream.precision(4); 
  stream.fill('*'); //stream<<setfill('*')

  return stream;
}

int main()
{
  cout << setup << 123.123456; // output: ******123.1

  return 0;
}
<三>格式输出设置与重置
ostream &sethex(ostream &stream)
{
  stream.unsetf(ios::dec | ios::oct);
  stream.setf(ios::hex | ios::uppercase | ios::showbase);

  return stream;
}

// Reset flags.
ostream &reset(ostream &stream)
{
  stream.unsetf(ios::hex | ios::uppercase | ios::showbase);
  stream.setf(ios::dec);
  return stream;
}

int main()
{
  cout << sethex << 100 << '\n';      //Output:0x64
  cout << reset << 100 << '\n';      //Output:100

  return 0;
}
<四>跳过十个输入字符
下面程序可跳过十个输入字符，不包括空格和回车。当字符数量大于10的时候按回车才能cuot出来，是从第11个字符开始输出来的
istream &skipchar(istream &stream)
{
  int i;
  char c;

  for(i = 0; i <10; i++) stream >> c;

  return stream;
}

int main()
{
  char str[80];

  cout << "Enter some characters: ";                 
  cin >> skipchar >> str;

  cout << str << '\n';

  return 0;
}
<五>显示数的正负号
cout.setf(ios::showpos);
cout << -10 << ' ' << 10 << '\n'; //Output: -10 +10
<六>科学计数法显示数
cout.setf(ios::showpoint | ios::uppercase | ios::scientific);
cout << 100.0；    //Output：1.000000E+02
<七>按行接收字符串并编号输出
对getline的理解，接收一行，以回车结尾为标志接收
string line;
int number = 0;
while( getline( cin, line))
{                            
   cout << setw(5) << ++number << ": "
        << line << endl;
}

出提示消息。注：cin的结束是以回车才能继续下一行代码，如果cin>>a>>b;则识别a，b分开的可以是空格也可以是回车。也即:如果cin>>str;如果输入‘a空格asdf’，则str只是赋值为a而已。
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
istream &getpass(istream &stream)
{   
  cout << '\a';                 // sound bell
  cout << "Enter password: ";

  return stream;
}

int main()
{
  char pw[80];

  do {
    cin >> getpass >> pw;
  } while (strcmp(pw, "password"));

  cout << "Logon complete\n";

  return 0;
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
getline的用法
<一>cin.getline()
 char name[80] = {'J', 'e', 'f', 'f', '/0' };
 cout << "Enter your name: ";
 cin.getline(name, 80);
 cout << "Your name is " << name;
可做到一直接收输入并复制给name变量，默认的结束符号为回车，如果变为cin.getline(name,80,'!');则结束接收流的符号变为'!'，如果这时输入中带有回车，则会一并收入name中，并能显示回车

换行在屏幕上作为输出name的一部分。
<二>getline( cin, rest, '!');
 string word, rest;
 cout << header << "Press <return> to go on" << endl;
 cin.get();                  // Read the new line without saving.
 cout << "\nEnter a sentence! End with <!> and <return>." << endl;
 cin >> word;                // Read the first word
 getline( cin, rest, '!');   // read a line up to the character !
 cout << "The first word:   " << word  << endl
      << "Remaining text: " << rest << endl;
getline( cin, rest, '!')；这条语句讲输入流的都赋值给rest变量，识别结束符为‘！’，这个可以自己设置结束符的，若不设置为回车，则可以正常接收回车并显示。