C++博客-beautykingdom-随笔分类-vi

vim configuration

chatler — Sun, 01 May 2011 10:31:00 GMT

set showcmd       " Show (partial) command in status line.
set showmatch       " Show matching brackets.
set ignorecase       " Do case insensitive matching
set smartcase       " Do smart case matching
set incsearch       " Incremental search
set autowrite       " Automatically save before commands like :next and :make
set hidden             " Hide buffers when they are abandoned
set mouse=a       " Enable mouse usage (all modes)
set nu           " set line no on each line

使用ctrl + r 可以搜索历史命令并执行
使用history显示历史，!!执行上一条命令，!num执行第num条命令
使用vi时，q！调出编辑历史
到行首0，行尾$，第一个非空格^
不退出vi能直接执行命令，如make
V模式：正常（v），行模式(大写V)，block模式（Ctrl + v）
V模式下，<>缩进所有
u撤销，ctrl+r反撤销
ctrl+a跳到命令行首，ctrl+e跳到命令行尾
:s/src/dest/(g) 替换当前行第一个或所有
:%s/src/dest/g 替换全局第一个或所有、
bn,bp,bf,bl用于切换缓冲区，bd删除缓冲区
*（#）用于查找光标位置处的缓冲区
ctrl+], ctrl+T用于跳转定义与声明
ctrl+p，ctrl+n用于单词补全
ctrl+o，ctrl+i用于鼠标前后位置跳转
!command在vi中执行外部命令
调整窗口，ctrl+w |宽度最大化，加减宽度<>
调整宽口，ctrl+w _高度最大化，加减高度+-
调整窗开，Ctrl+w =,使窗口等宽

chatler 2011-05-01 18:31 发表评论

vim大小写转换

chatler — Fri, 17 Sep 2010 10:01:00 GMT

vim中大小写转化的命令是
gu或者gU
形象一点的解释就是小u意味着转为小写；大U意味着转为大写.

剩下的就是对这两个命令的限定（限定操作的行，字母，单词）等等

1、整篇文章大写转化为小写
打开文件后，无须进入命令行模式。键入:ggguG

解释一下：ggguG分作三段gg gu G
gg=光标到文件第一个字符
gu=把选定范围全部小写
G=到文件结束

2、整篇文章小写转化为大写
打开文件后，无须进入命令行模式。键入:gggUG

解释一下：gggUG分作三段gg gU G
gg=光标到文件第一个字符
gU=把选定范围全部大写
G=到文件结束

3、只转化某个单词

guw 、gue
gUw、gUe
这样，光标后面的单词便会进行大小写转换
想转换5个单词的命令如下：
gu5w、gu5e
gU5w、gU5e

4、转换几行的大小写
将光标定位到想转换的行上，键入：1gU 从光标所在行往下一行都进行小写到大写的转换
10gU，则进行11行小写到大写的转换
以此类推，就出现其他的大小写转换命令
gU0        ：从光标所在位置到行首，都变为大写
gU$        ：从光标所在位置到行尾，都变为大写
gUG        ：从光标所在位置到文章最后一个字符，都变为大写
gU1G    ：从光标所在位置到文章第一个字符，都变为大写

from:

http://blog.csdn.net/guowake/archive/2008/03/25/2217086.aspx

chatler 2010-09-17 18:01 发表评论

vi know-hows

chatler — Tue, 16 Mar 2010 07:04:00 GMT

Moving around
These commands help you move around in a file:
h
Move left one character on the current line
j
Move down to the next line
k
Move up to the previous line
l
Move right one character on the current line
w
Move to the next word on the current line
e
Move to the next end of word on the current line
b
Move to the previous beginning of the word on the current line
Ctrl-f
Scroll forward one page
Ctrl-b
Scroll backward one page
If you type a number before any of these commands, then the command will be
executed that many times. This number is called a repetition count or simply count.
For example, 5h will move left five characters. You can use repetition counts with
many vi commands.

Moving to lines
The following commands help you move to specific lines in your file:
G
Moves to a specific line in your file. For example, 3G moves to line 3. With no
parameter, G moves to the last line of the file.
H
Moves relative to the top line on the screen. For example, 3H moves to the line
currently 3rd from the top of your screen.
L
Is like H, except that movement is relative to the last line on screen. Thus, 2L
moves to the second-to-last line on your screen.

Getting out of vi
One of the most useful things to know about a new editor is how to get out of it
before you do anything you shouldn't do, such as destroying an important
configuration file. You can get out of vi by saving or abandoning your changes, or by
restarting from the beginning. If these commands don't seem to work for you, you
may be in insert mode, which you will learn about in a moment. If in doubt, pressing
Esc will leave insert mode and return you to command mode where these
commands should work.
:q!
Quit editing the file and abandon all changes. This is a very common idiom for
getting out of trouble.
:w!
Write the file (whether modified or not). Attempt to overwrite existing files or
read-only or other unwritable files. You may give a filename as a parameter,
and that file will be written instead of the one your started with. It's generally
safer to omit the ! unless you know what you're doing here.
ZZ
Write the file if it has been modified. Then exit. This is a very common idiom for
normal vi exit.
:e!
Edit the current disk copy of the file. This will reload the file, abandoning
changes you have made. You may also use this if the disk copy has changed
for some other reason and you want the latest version.
:!
Run a shell command. Type the command and press Enter. When the
command completes, you will see the output and a prompt to return to vi
editing.
Notes:
1. When you type the colon (:), your cursor will move to the bottom line of
your screen where you can type in the command and any parameters.
2. If you omit the exclamation point from the above commands, you may
receive an error message such as one saying changes have not been
saved, or the output file cannot be written (for example, you are editing a
read-only file).
3. The : commands have longer forms (:quit, :write, :edit), but the longer
forms are seldom used.
vi modes
The vi editor has two modes of operation:
Command mode
In command mode, you move around the file and perform editing operations
such as searching for text, deleting text, changing text, and so on. You usually
start in command mode.
Insert mode
In insert mode, you type new text into the file at the insertion point. To return to
command mode, press the Esc (Escape) key.
These two modes determine the way the editor behaves. Anything you type in insert
mode is considered text to be inserted into the file. If you are trying to type a
command and nothing happens, or the character appears under the cursor, then you
probably forgot to press Esc to escape from insert mode.
Editing text
Now that you can open a file in vi, move around it and get out, it's time to learn how
to edit the text in the file.
Modifying text
Use the following commands when you need to insert, delete, or modify text. Note
that some of these commands have an uppercase form that is similar to the
lowercase form; see the descriptions below.
i
Enter insert mode before the character at the current position. Type your text
and press Esc to return to command mode. Use I to insert at the beginning of
the current line.
a
Enter insert mode after the character at the current position. Type your text and
press Esc to return to command mode. Use A to insert at the end of the current
line.
c
Use c to change the current character and enter insert mode to type
replacement characters.
o
Open a new line for text insertion below the current line. Use O to open a line
above the current line.
cw
Delete the remainder of the current word and enter insert mode to replace it.
Use a repetition count to replace multiple words. Use c$ to replace to end of
line.
dw
Same as for cw (and c$) above, except that insert mode is not entered.
dd
Delete the current line. Use a repetition count to delete multiple lines.
x
Delete the character at the cursor position. Use a repetition count to delete
multiple characters.
p
Put the last deleted text after the current character. Use P to put it before the
current character.
xp
This combination of x and p is a useful idiom. This swaps the character at the
cursor position with the one on its right.
Searching text
You can search for text in your file using regular expressions:
/
Use / followed by a regular expression to search forward in your file.
?
Use ? followed by a regular expression to search backward in your file.
n
Use n to repeat the last search in either direction.
You may precede any of the above search commands with a number indicating a
repetition count. So 3/x will find the third occurrence of x from the current point, as
will /x followed by 2n. Similarly, 2/^e will find the second line from the current position
that starts with e.
Note that search will wrap around to the top once the bottom of file is reached.
Getting help
Another useful command in vi is the help command, which you invoke by typing
:help. Help will open inside vi; use the :q command to leave help and go back to
your work. If you want help on some particular topic, say wrapping of lines, try
adding a word after the :help command, for example: :help wrap.
Putting it together
We began by wanting to add a line to our count1.sh file. To keep the original and
save the modified version as count2.sh, we could use these vi commands once we
open the file with vi. Note that means to press the Esc key.
Listing 3. Editor commands to add a line to count1.sh
1G
O
sleep 20
:w! count2.sh
:q
These commands do the following:
1G
Move to the first line of the file
O
Open a new line above it and enter insert mode
sleep 20
The new text that you want to add

Press the Esc key to return to command mode
:w! count2.sh
Write the file to disk
:q
Close vi
Simple when you know how.
This is the last article for Exam 101 - Topic 103: GNU and UNIX commands. See our
series roadmap for a description of and link to other articles in this series.

from：
IBM Developer works

chatler 2010-03-16 15:04 发表评论

VIM技巧

chatler — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 14:49:00 GMT

自动排版: gg=G
     在粘贴了一些代码之后，vim变得比较乱，只要执行gg=G就能搞定

输入不了中文怎么办
    要把vi的encoding设置成同系统的编码一样的，通常将其设置成utf8 , set encoding=utf8

如何弥补vi不能够有多个标签页显示
    非常习惯editplus的多标签页，可以同时打开多个文件，vi不支持标签页，但是vi有buffer功能，vi也可以打开多个文件，当然一次只能看到一个文件，在命令行模式下使用:ls 命令，可以看到打开的在buffer里的所有的文件名。例如：
1 #h   "control.c"                    line 1
2      "queue.c"                      line 0
3 %a + "workcrew.c"                   line 161

每个文件都有一个标号，如果你想编辑queue.c文件，记住它的标号是2 ，在命令行模式下输入
:e #2
就可以编辑queue.c这个文件了，好像很麻烦，不过还有简单的方法，可以将这一系列的输入映射到一个键，
例如 F5 , 在命令行模式下输入 :
:map :ls:e #
然后按下F5看看是什么效果，可以很简单的选择要编辑的文件了，是不是也挺方便，
把上面的 map语句放入 .vimrc文件，这样每次启动vi，F5就都生效了
Vi在默认的情况下在buffer里的文件切换的过程中，必须要保存当前文件，才能切换到其它文件，这样不太方便，可以用如下的命令搞定：
:set hidden
这样就同editplus的标签页差不多了。

忽略大小写
vim的查找功能是在命令行下输入 :/待查的字符串，默认vim的查找是区分大小写的，其实大多数情况下都是想进行忽略大小写的查找，可以使用如下命令：
:set ignorecase
这样vim在查找时就会忽略大小写了，可以将其加入.vimrc ,就不用每次都输入了。

如何在vim中编译程序
原来编程序，我都是在vim下编辑，然后在另外的一个终端窗口中进行 make ,其实在vim中就可以完成make,而且可以将编译的结果也显示在vim里，先执行 :copen 命令，将结果输出的窗口打开，然后执行 :make
编译后的结果就显示在了copen打开的小窗口里了，而且用鼠标双击错误信息，就会跳转到发生错误的行。

vi中的快速编辑：
在通常模式下:
/ 向下查找
? 向上查找
* 向下查找当前光标下的单词
# 向上查找当前光标下的单词.
f{char} 跳到当前行,当前位置右边的{char}的位置. 如
using namespace std;
用f; 将会跳到;所在的位置.
F{char} 类似f{char},不过,是左边.
t{char} 类似f{char},不过,把光标放在{char}的前一个位置.
T{char} 类似t{char},不过,是左边.
; 重复t T f T 指令
, 朝相反方向重复t T f T 指令

其实，你在使用*和#的时候，是替换为 /和?来实现的。
from：
http://blog.csdn.net/coofive/archive/2006/04/17/666598.aspx

chatler 2010-02-26 22:49 发表评论

vim奇技淫巧

chatler — Wed, 25 Nov 2009 07:50:00 GMT

总结一下自己经常用vim的一些技巧和操作，很基本的就不写了，很高深的还有待以后补充：

替换

:%s/abc/abcc/gc
c表示询问
:$s/abc/abcc/ge
e表示即使整个文件没找到一个匹配的目标也不要报错
:.,$s/yes/no
.表示当前行，$表示最后一行。总体的语句表示从当前行到最后一样进行匹配
:s+one/two+one or two+g
用+替换/
:s/good\|nice/handsome/g
把good或nice替换成handsome
:s/aaa/bbb/g4
只替换4行
:4,9s/\d\+/\=submatch(0)+1/
第4到9行的数字加一
:%s/^\w/\=toupper(submatch(0))/g
首字母大写
:%s/^/\=line(".").". "/g
加行号

跳转

/^abc
转到以abc开始的行
ctrl+-> / ctrl + <-
一次移动一个单词
30+ / 30-
向前/向后移动30行
ctrl+o / ctrl_i
跳到更老的位置/跳到更新的位置
{
跳到上一段
} 跳到下一段
‘“
跳到上次关闭文件时，在NOMAL模式下的光标所在行
’^
跳到上次关闭文件时，在INSERT模式下的光标所在行

qa
开始记录宏（这里的a可以用任意一个字母代替）
q
结束宏记录
@a
执行名字为a的宏

标记

ma
标记此行为a
‘a
移到标记为a的行
mA/'A
可以跨文件进行标记

补全

Insert模式下,ctrl+n / ctrl+p
补全
ctrl+a
重复上次在Insert模式下的动作
Insert模式下，ctrl+y / ctrl+e
重复上一行/下一行光标处的字符
:iab xl xulei
当键入xl(空格)时，会被替换成xulei
ctrl+x ctrl+n
在文件中补全以前出现过的单词
ctrl+x ctrl+p
在文件中补全以前出现过的单词
ctrl+x ctrl+l
在文件中补全以前出现过的一行
ctrl+x ctrl+f
补全文件名
ctrl+x ctrl+k
单词补全
ctrl+x ctrl+t
同义词补全

其他

用v选中多行，然后 !sort
可以实现排序
g ctrl+G(先按g然后按ctrl+G)
统计字数（或先用v选中部分需要统计的文字）
将光标移到一个函数上，K（大写）
将自动man此函数
在一个vim文件中:grep abc *
将匹配到所有包好abc的文件 :cn下一个 :cp上一个 :cl文件列表
vim `grep -l abc *`
打开包含abc的所有文件
ctrl+c=esc
:history
命令记录
q:
打开命令行历史窗口
q/
打开查找历史窗口
:w filename
另存为
：1，3w filename
1-3行另存为
Insert模式下，ctrl+w
删除前一个单词
Insert模式下，ctrl+u
删除此行光标前所有单词
:set showmatch
当键入if(i>0)的)的时候，光标会跳到(处停留1/10秒，再回来
:set cindent shiftwidth=4
设置缩进
=a{
调整{}之间的缩进格式
gu
变小写
gU
变大写
光标定位在数字上ctrl+a
增1

转自：

http://blog.chinaunix.net/u2/86590/showart.php?id=2087339

chatler 2009-11-25 15:50 发表评论