C++博客-The Sun Also Rises-随笔分类-GNU/Linux

Richard M. Stallman在复旦的演讲，0-20分钟

FreePeter — Sat, 24 May 2008 17:10:00 GMT

整理 by FreePeter

我的英语听力好差。。。T_T
在refer了一些stallman的其他演讲的transcript之后总算大多数内容还是catch了～～～
果然xf教育我们说对内容的预判是王道~~~
这儿有两篇他曾经的lecture
http://www.fsfeurope.org/documents/rms-fs-2006-03-09.en.html
http://www.fsfeurope.org/projects/gplv3/torino-rms-transcript.en.html

好像stallman特别喜欢拿M$的软件说事。。。恩，不过找到一篇虾米google的。
Google designs software specifically to restrict the user. That's the nature of the Google Earth client: it is made the way it is specifically to restrict the people who use it. Obviously, it's not Free Software, because Free Software develops under the democratic control of its users. With the four freedoms: the freedom to run the program as you wish, to study the source code and change it so the program does what you wish, the freedom to distribute exact copies to others (which is the freedom to help your neighbour) and the freedom to distribute copies of your modified version (which is the freedom to contribute to your community). With these four freedoms the users, individually and collectively, are in charge.
原文连接
http://www.fsfe.org/en/fellows/ciaran/ciaran_s_free_software_notes/transcript_richard_stallman_honorary_degree_speech_pavia_2007

注明一下，这些内容并不完全代表我的观点。我特别郁闷的是他对QT/KDE的态度。。。
我个人的观点还在forming,
我不是纯粹因为好用或者技术上的领先才去用GNU/linux的，虽然很多强人的GNU/linux（在自己稍微配置了一下以后）巨好用无比。
我的GNU/linux大致是能用。。。但是总体上没有当年的windows 2000好用（就这么被M$抛弃了...T_T）
简单一点说，在完全不能用的free software和 non-free software之间，我显然选择后者。
但在现有的GNU/linux distribution和XP/Vista之间，我显然选择前者。
另外个人对QT那种非GPL觉得还可以。在GNOME和KDE之间，选择是后者。
个人感觉。。。
free software / GNU Linux

p.s. 听了speech最significant的一点是知道了应该叫做GNU/Linux
简单一点说，GNU是一项浩大的工程，它也包括了制作一个操作系统，同时包括其他很多软件，GCC,G++,Emacs........
然后呢，GNU操作系统的设计很早就完成了。。。然后他们写啊写。。。
在写了接近十年之后，终于大体完工了，就差一个kernel了。。。
接着呢。。。据说原配写kernel的那个人写囧了。。。
于是Linus就跑来帮忙写了个kernel玩，叫做Linux。
于是大家都只顾着看到拼盘的最后一块。。。
Linux，严格意义上来说，只是GNU System的一种kernel实现方式而已。
stallman说：

Why do you call it GNU/Linux and not Linux?: Most operating system distributions based on Linux as kernel are basically modified versions of the GNU operating system. We began developing GNU in 1984, years before Linus Torvalds started to write his kernel. Our goal was to develop a complete free operating system. Of course, we did not develop all the parts ourselves—but we led the way. We developed most of the central components, forming the largest single contribution to the whole system. The basic vision was ours too.
In fairness, we ought to get at least equal mention.

下面是昨天的演讲的0~20分钟内容～～～

Hello & Happy Hacking (Laugh, Applause)

Society usually teaches people to judge software packages by practical concerns only
is this program convenient,
is this program reliable,
is it cheap,
and to ignore the most important questions:
if I use this program,
what does it do to my freedom?
if I use this program,
what does it do to the social solidarity of my community?

So people ignore the most important things
Those questions, are what free software is about,
free software, means software that respects users' freedom
it's a matter of freedom, not practice
when you tranlate it to chinese, you should say "自由", but not "免费"
(laugh & applause)

software which is not free software, is user-subjugating software, proprietary software,
it keeps user divided and helpless
divided, because everyone is forbidden to share it with everyone else
and helpless, because the users don't have the source code, so they can't change it,
They can't even verify what it actually doing to them.

However, just saying "I'm in favor of freedom" is too vain, is not specfic
Even Bush says he's in favor of freedom (Laugh)
and Bush can recognize freedom even after he's crashed.
So I need to say sth more specific, more precise.

A program is free software, if it gives the 4 essential freedoms.
freedom 0, is to run the program as you wish
freedom 1, is the freedom to study the source code of the program, and change it, to make it do what you wish.
freedom 2, is the freedom to help your neighbour, that's the freedom to make copies, exact copies, and distribute to others, when you wish.
freedome 3, is the freedom to contribute to your community, that's the freedom to make copies of your modified versions, and distribute them to others when you wish. The freedom to distribute copies, includes the freedom to gives them away, and the freedom to sell them, so that hasn't to be 免费, often it is, but that's not part of the definition, that's because that's just about price and price isn't the issue here, freedom is the issue here.

So if the program gives you all 4 of the essential freedoms, then it's a free software, which means that social system of the distribution and use, is an ethical system
Where we respect freedom, and the social solidairy of our comunity.

but if one of these freedom is missing, or insufficient,
then it's proprietary software, non-free software, user-subjugating software,
because the social system of the distribution and use is unethical,
such software should not exist, developing a free software, is a contribution to society, big or small, depending on the details, but at least it's going in the good direction.
but to develop and distribute proprietary program, it's not a contribution to society,
it's a power gramp() , it's attempting to take power of society,
if the program has any attractive features,
those are bait for a trap, and the trap is that you lose your freedom.
so, the aim of free software movement is, software should be free, users should be free. (Applause)

But why are these 4 freedoms essential,
why divide free software this way? Each freedom has its own reason.
Freedom 2, the freedom to help your neighbour,
the freedom to make exact copies and distribute them,
is essential on fundamental moral grounds.
so that you can live an upright, ethical life as a good memeber of your community.
if you use a program that doesn't give you freedom No.2,
you're in danger of falling into a moral dilemma,
at any moment, whenever your friend says, "that program is nice, could i have a copy?"
at that moment, you will face a choice between 2 evils
1 evil, is to give your friend a copy, and violate the licence of the program,
the other evil, is to refuse your friend a copy, and comply with the licence of the program.
Once in the dilema, you ought to choose the lesser evil,
which is to give your friend the copy, and violates the licence of the program
what makes this evil the lesser evil?
well, if you can't avoid doing some kind of wrong to somebody,
better to do wrong to sb who has done wrong and deserves it.
like the developer of pro,
we can assume that your friend is a good friend, a good member of community,
and normally deserves your co-operation,
of coz, it's a good thing to co-opperate with other people as well.
but this case, the case where the people is a good people of the comunity, is a sharpest case,
the sharpest contrast, because let's contrast this good member of your comunity with the developer of the proprietary program who has deliberately attacked the social solidatry of your comunity, deliberately try to divide you.
clearly the lesser evil is to do wrong to the developer,
however, being the lesser evil doesn't mean it's good
it's never a good thing to make an agreement then to break it.
now, there're some kind of agreements, that are evil in themselves,
and keeping them is worse than breaking them,
and that's an example, but still, breaking is not good
and if you give your friend a copy, what will we have,
he will have an unathorized copy of a proprietary program,
and that's a bad thing, almost as bad as an authorized copy would be.

So what you should really do, when you have thought about this ethical issue,
is to make sure, you're never in this dilemma,
there're 2 ways to do that,
1 is, don't have any friends,
the distributers of proprietary software implicitly suggest that method
the other method is , don't use the proprietary software,
if you don't have a copy, you don't have to worry about what you will say to your friend,
that's my method, if sb offers me a proprietary program on the condition that i promise not to share with you,
i would tell them no,
i would say, my conscience doesn't allow me, to make an agreement like that,
a couple of weeks ago, sb give me a computer,
i went to visit the company, and i was given 1 of their computers
and when i try to use it,
the top of screen asking me to accept a licence,
for some non-free programs,
i couldn't agree with that,
so i explain this problem, and i ask if there's anyway i can delete these non-free programs, and go past that and skip around that licence page,
and so far, it's not clear that i can do so, so i may never actually use that computer,
coz i'm not going to accept that licence.

and we must reject the probability against the terms,
that our enermy's use,
for instance, what's it mean, when they say, if you share you're pirate,
what they really tring to say?
they're trying to say, that helping your neighbour,
is the moral eqivalent of attacking a ship, to stealing a cargo,
and nothing could be more false than that,
because attacking a ship is very very bad,
but helping your neighbour is the right thing to do,
so those people are trying to twist up our ideas of right and wrong,
by using dishonest words,
we have watched out their dishonest words and rejects them,
so when sb asks me what do i think of piracy,
i say that attacking ships is very bad,
and if someone asks me what i think of software piracy,
i say as far as i know, pricay these days use guns, but not software.
well that's the reason for freedom 2, the freedom to help your neighbour, the freedom to make exact copies and distribute them to others when you wish

Freedom 0, the freedom to run the program as you wish,
is essential for different reason,
so you could control your computing.
There're proprietary programs whose licence restricted even the use of authorized copies,
and that's obviously not controlling your computing,
so that's unacceptable,
we have to reject programs whose licences restricted how you can run them, or for what purpose, or how long, or anything like that.
because you, have to be in control your own computing.
but, freedom 0 is not enough.
because, the developer still controls what you do,
not through the licence, but through the code, the program.
so we also need freedom 1, the freedom to study the source code and to change it.
so the program does what you wish,
this way, you decide, instead of having the developers decided and imposed decisions on you.
if a program doesn't come with freedom 1,
you can even tell what's it doing to you.
and many of these programs do nasty things,
they have features designed to spy on the user, to restrict the user, even to attack the user,
of coz, spying on the user and restricting the user is not done only by software and your computer,
and it's also done by servers and gateways,
but that's the different issue,
if you can't even control your computing on your computer,
you're totally under the power of the software developers,
and there malicious features are quite common,
for instance, many proprietary program spy on the user,
1 you may heard of, that spy on user is called MS windows.
when the users of windows, and i won't say you, because i'm sure you won't use nasty program like this.
when the users of windows, clicks on the menu feature, to search his own files for a word,
windows sends a message to MS saying what word you're searching for.
that's 1 spy feature.
but there's another, when XP asks for an upgrade,
it sends MS a message of a list of all the programs on the machine,
that's another spy feature,
but are those the only ones?
we don't know, MS never announced these spy features,
people find them by investigation,
so there could be more spy features, that people haven't found yet,
however, windows isn't the only program that spy on the user,
WMP does too, in fact, it does total surveillance. it report everything that the user looks at.
that illustrates today, cooperations try to spy on people just as same as the government do,
most of the world is now under an empire of the magical coperations(???)
and most governor do whatever the magical coperations(??) tells them to do,
and this means they're not democratic, and that's bad thing.
So, WMP spys on users, but, please don't think MS is uniquely evil, that MS
is the only company so nasty that will do this
because RealPlayer does the same thing,
and we're almost certain RealPlayer did it first,
after all, MS is more known for imitation than invetion.
But malicious feature gets worse than just spying,
there's also the malicious feature, functionality of refusing to function.
when the program says, i don't wanna show the contents of this file,
even though it's in your own computer,
i don't wanna let you copy part of this file
even though it's in your own computer,
i'm not going to print this file for you, coz i don't like you.
and i wasn't put here to serve you, i was put here to control you.
i'm not your servant, although i pretend to be,
i'm actually your prison guard.

now this practice is also know as DRM(Digital Restrictions Management),
intentionally implemented malicious feature of stopping you from doing things, that sb else doesn't want you to do.
and many companies do this, for instance MS, apple, google, adobe, sony, amazon does this, and many other.
and everytime they do this,
it attacks your freedom, at 2 different levels at once.
first of all, the purpose of these restrictions, is to attack your freedom,
it's to stop you from doing things which would otherwise be your legal right,
but the way they do it attacks your freedom at another level,
because they do it by publishing things in secret formats,
and that is to make sure we can't write any free software to access those things,
so even to access them in a way permitted, you have to use a non-free program,
and that's also an attack on your freedom,
2 attacks on your freedom at the same time,
because that's so dangerous,
we urge you never to buy or accept or use any product with DRM,
unless you personally possess the means to break the DRM.

so far instances, if you have the free software that can read and play a DVD
then it's OK to buy or rent DVDs or accept as gifts,
but if you don't have that free software,
you should refuse to accept a DVD,
there're a few DVDs which are not encrypted
and they don't post a problem, they don't have the DRM, that's fine, i have a few of those,
i don't have any encrypted DVDs, i reject them.

FreePeter 2008-05-25 01:10 发表评论

yakuake~~~

FreePeter — Mon, 24 Mar 2008 09:28:00 GMT

一个比较好玩的终端～～～传说中的招之即来，呼之即去啊～～～

FreePeter 2008-03-24 17:28 发表评论

sda vs. hda

FreePeter — Wed, 20 Feb 2008 11:25:00 GMT

我在装gentoo的时候当时就疑惑过为什么我的硬盘被recognize as /dev/hda，以前都是/dev/sda的。。。
今天发现是因为内核里面没有编译SATA的支持。
打开对SATA的支持，关掉对ATA的支持。（注意选上你相应的设备支持，像我是Intel ICH）
记得backup kernel...否则万一出错了就不好完了。。。

p.s. performance comparison
freepeter@localhost ~ $ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/hda

/dev/hda:
Timing cached reads:   1392 MB in 2.00 seconds = 695.92 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads:    8 MB in 3.54 seconds =   2.26 MB/sec

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

freepeter@localhost ~ $ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sda

/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads:   1706 MB in 2.00 seconds = 852.66 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads:   94 MB in 3.04 seconds = 30.93 MB/sec

另外UDMA也打开了。。。生活真美好～～～

p.s.
/dev/sdX device files are for SCSI, SATA disks.
/dev/hdX device files are for IDE hard disks.

FreePeter 2008-02-20 19:25 发表评论

[ZZ] 学习linux几点忠告, 作者王垠

FreePeter — Wed, 20 Feb 2008 10:45:00 GMT

由于没有找到原文链接，全文转贴。
本文不与其他post那样遵循CCPL协议。。。

其实最近对很多网上的一些“Linux比Windows好“的文章相当之不满。。。本来正在打算写篇文章批的。。。不过看到这篇。。。恩。。。写的很不错啊～～～我就不用写了。。。
个人比较喜欢GPL的那种自由的精神。。。虽然这个导致了本来好好的KDE之后又有一帮人跑去开发Gnome（gtk写的简直不是给人看的——毛大牛语），严重分散了精力是吧，否则估计都该KDE 5了。。。
Linux本身只是一个academical的试验操作系统。。。能拿来当操作系统完全依赖于发行版这一模式。。。

以下为原文

1. 不要当“传教士”

很多人在讨论区不断的引起 "Linux vs. Windows" 之类的讨论，甚至争的面红耳赤，这是没有必要的。这种争论是浪费时间而没有任何用处的。对，你花了一下午，用许多事实“捍卫”了 “Linux 比 Windows 好” 这个说法。但是 Windows 的支持者并不会喜欢上 Linux，他们只是稍微退缩一下，然后找一些新的证据来跟你辩论。世界上的人们都在利用Linux 研究最前沿的科学，我们还在这里讨论 “要不要用Linux” 这种无聊的问题，什么时候才能赶上时代前进的步伐？什么叫做“Windows 支持者”，什么叫做“Linux 支持者”？我们为什么要支持某一个而反对另外一个？你不需要为 Linux “护法”，不需要成为“Linux 支持者”或者“GNU传教士”，GNU/Linux 已经用事实向世界证明了它们的威力，已经被大多数人接受。你只需要安安静静享受 GNU/Linux 给你的乐趣和自由。你需要关心的不是你的工具是什么，而是你用它做了什么。精通 Linux 并不说明任何问题，因为它只是一个工具而已。如果你用 Windows 能很好的完成你的任务，那你就没有必要费时间去熟悉 Linux。直到有一天你发现一项任务只有 Linux 才能完成的时候再换也不迟，因为你身边的 Linux 的爱好者一定会很乐意的帮助你。

工具不是人，不应该对工具有感情。这是你在进行任何对工具的讨论前需要提醒自己的事情。面对一些容易引起争论的东西：Word 和 TeX；Emacs 和 VIM；MAXIMA，Mathematica 和 Maple；Gnome， FVWM 和 KDE；Mutt 和 Pine …… 一定要冷静的对自己说：“我不站在它们任何一边，因为它们不是人。” 各人的需要不同，生活的环境不同。对你来说好的东西，对别人来说不一定好，我们需要尊重别人的选择。如果你当面说别人正在用的程序不好，没有人会乐意接受你的意见。我从来没有建议过我爸爸不用 Windows + WPS，而用 Linux + LaTeX 来处理他的英语试卷。因为 WPS 是我爸爸的选择，他能用 WPS 编辑出很好的试题去测试他的学生，那就足够了。

我曾经帮我爸爸做了一个 perl 程序，能够自动从一种我自己设计的 markup 语言转化成 LaTeX 格式的英语试卷。可以自动对试题编号，乱序排版选择题的选项，自动生成答案表，生成老师用的显示答案的版本，自动对短文改错题进行优化分段，自动拼写检查，图形化的配置方式…… 我爸爸高兴的用了一段时间，可是后来他想用 WPS 里的一种标题样式，而我不在家，无法为他修改程序。所以他又换回了 WPS。这就像有人送爱因斯坦一罐剃须泡沫一样，刚开始几天，发现他神采飞扬，不断夸这个东西真舒服。过了几天，发现爱因斯坦又开始用白水剃胡子了，因为剃须泡沫用完了，他懒得自己去买那个东西。这只是习惯问题。

2. 不要强迫自己

喜欢电脑的人总是有某些心理强迫倾向。有的人说：“键盘比鼠标快。我不要用鼠标。这样才有高效率。” 所以他在编辑器里无论什么时候总是用 20w, 10j 这样的命令到达目的点。他甚至觉得图形界面是多余的，干脆 Xwindow 都不装。全部用键盘看起来的确比让手离开键盘去拿鼠标，再回来“快” 多了，但是快的击键频率不等于工作的高效率，对你的健康更没有什么好处。这只能把你变成打键盘的机器。当你正在检查你的文章或者程序，思维正在随着字符的含义流动，突然 20w, 10j 这样的东西出现在你的脑子里，是不是会打断思路？不？那说明你当时思考的问题比较简单，这些干扰还不会起到副作用。

其实很多人用电脑的时候，思想都受到某种教条的束缚，上面这个只是众多教条中的一种。某些人制造了很多这种教条，用他的工作方式来要求别人，嘲笑方式跟他不一样的人。比如有的人嘲笑其它人写 C 程序不按 8 字符缩进，嘲笑别人在 vi 里用方向键，嘲笑别人不知道 PVM 是什么，嘲笑其它人用 JAVA, C# 这种由 GC 回收内存语言…… 你不用管各种各样的教条，电脑只是你的奴隶，你想怎么用就怎么用。没有人能够约束你，没有人可以嘲笑你的工作方式。电脑明天就不再是这个样子，所以今天你不用完全了解它。你没有必要知道别人创造的一切，因为你需要留点时间自己创造些东西。Just have fun! 当你下次修改文章的时候，不妨试试悠闲的用鼠标在你眼睛看到的地方轻轻点一下。

3. 不要“玩 Linux”

很多人用 Linux 的时候会感觉很迷茫，该用哪个发行呢？是不是我少装了什么？怎么升级这么快啊！怎么这么不稳定！每当遇到新的软件他就想试用，每当新的版本出现，他就更新，然后用鼠标在新的菜单里选择从来没见过的程序来用用。其实你是为了Linux而使用Linux，而没有找到正确的理由来利用 Linux。你首先要明确用电脑的目的，你用它是为了解决你的实际问题，而不是为了学习安装操作系统，不是为了测试哪个版本好用，不是为了“赶上潮流”，更不是因为你硬盘太大了，你想多占点空间。如果你启动了电脑之后不知道应该干什么，那么最好先不要用电脑，因为你可能有更重要的事情需要做。

4. 不用挑剔发行版本

很多人刚开始用 Linux 的时候，总是在怀疑别的发行版本是否比自己正在用的这个好，总是怀疑自己以后时候会失去支持，不得不换用别的发行。所以很多人今天是 Redhat，明天又换成了 debian, 一会儿又是 gentoo, …… 甚至有的人在一台机器上装了两个版本的 Linux，然后比较哪一个好。其实你完全没有必要这样做，任何发行，只要你熟悉了，你在上面的工作方式几乎是不会受到任何影响的。

我以前一直用的 Redhat，当我有一天在我的一台新机器上安装 debian 时，我发现使用 Redhat 的经验完全没有浪费。我用了一个下午就配置好了 debian，使它服服贴贴的听我的话，就跟没有换发行一样。 Debian, TurboLinux, SuSE, Redhat, Gentoo, ... 任何一个版本都是不错的。很多人认为自己攒一个 LFS 是高水平黑客的象征，但是不是每个人都有精力去了解所有细节。如果你是用于个人的日常事物和科研，可以试试 debian。它是我见过的最方便的一个发行。

5. 不要盲目升级

不知道这是心理作用还是什么，有的人看到比较大的版本号，就会很想换成那个。很多人的 Redhat 本来配置的很舒服了，可是一旦 Redhat 发行新的版本，他们就会尽快下载过来，然后选择升级安装。结果很多时候把自己原来修改得很好的配置文件给冲掉了。新的软件又带来了新的问题，比如有一次我的 rxvt 升级到 2.7.8 就跟 miniChinput 冲突了，升级到 Redhat 8.0，发现 xmms 居然缺省不能放mp3了，XFree86 的 xtt 模块在 I810 上有新的 bug，会导致 Mozilla 突然退出。如果你已经配置好了一切，千万别再整体升级了，这会浪费你很多很多时间的，不值得。有句话说得好:"If it's not broken, don't fix it." 如果你的程序能够完成你需要做的事情，你何必升级呢？

6. 不要配置你不需要的东西

如果你只想做一个像我这样的普通用户，主要目的是用 Linux 来完成自己的科研任务和日常工作，那就可以不用系统管理员或者网络管理员的标准来要求自己，因为当一个系统和网络管理员确实很辛苦。普通用户学习那些不经常用到的复杂的维护系统的工具，其实是浪费时间，学了不用是会很快忘记的！我不是一个合格的网络管理员，我的服务器都只设置了我自己需要的功能，设置好 ssh, ftp 已经足够了，那样可以省去我很多麻烦。我从来不过度考虑“安全”，因为 Linux 缺省已经很安全了。我没有磁带机，就不用管 tar 的那些稀奇古怪的参数了，czf, xzf, ztf 已经可以满足我所有的需要。sed, awk, ... 我也只会几种常用的命令行。

7. 不要习惯的使用 root 帐号。

在需要的时候才 su！这是很多刚接触 UNIX 类操作系统的人常见的现象，他们不喜欢在管理系统的时候才 su, 而是一直用 root 帐号干所有事情，配置系统，安装程序，浏览网页，玩游戏，编程 …… 结果有一天，他不小心在某个系统目录使用了 rm * ... 后果不堪设想……

8. 不要用商业的眼光来看 Linux。

Linux 不是商业软件，所以不要用要求 Solaris, Windows 那样的眼光来看 Linux. 自由软件的作者们从来不拉拢用户，他们对用户不负有任何责任。实际上在自由软件的世界里，“开发者”和“用户” 并没有明确的界限，大家是朋友。自由软件很可能只是满足作者和他的朋友的需要，甚至是为了好玩而创造的。自由软件不是完美的，自由软件承认自己有缺点，它不会自吹自擂，蒙蔽“用户”的耳目。这种对作者责任的解脱激发了作者的创造力，他们不用过分考虑“向上兼容”，他们往往比背上重重包袱的商业软件结构更合理，技术更先进。所以当你用某个自由软件遇到困难的时候，不应该埋怨软件的作者，因为他们对你并没有义务。

你不应该把自己当成一个挑剔的顾客，而要把自己作为这个软件的顾问和一个和蔼的建议者，这样你才能理解作者写这个程序时的快乐，在遇到问题时向作者反映，帮助他完善这个软件，成为一个快乐的参与者。就像你的哥哥送你一个他用旧了的自行车，你应该珍惜这份友情，而不要在车坏了，或者骑车摔了一交的时候大骂你的哥哥。如果你真的不能使用这种合作的心态，那么最好不要使用这个软件。这是一种先进的文化，它包含了互相合作，科学创新的精神。理解这一点不是很容易，很多人往往是因为不能理解这种文化而离开自由软件。这对于作者来说并没有什么损失。

9. 干你的正事去

很多人跟我说，你的网页浪费我好多时间来配置这配置那，一会儿是 FVWM，一会儿是 Mutt …… 嗯……那些东西都是我有空的时候一点一点积累的，如果你想一次性搞定所有那些东西，恐怕得花你几个星期甚至几个月的时间！并不是一定要搞定所有这些东西你才能正常工作的。除非你真的非得利用某个程序，或者你闲着没事，否则你可以不管这些东西。

10. 上面几条仅供参考以上只是个人意见，不一定适合所有人。取舍由你了！

FreePeter 2008-02-20 18:45 发表评论

Gollum, the Wikipedia Browser

FreePeter — Sat, 16 Feb 2008 16:15:00 GMT

基于AJAX的一个在浏览器内的浏览器～～～
好东西。。。可以用来看wiki的articles~~~
and Under GPL~~~~~~~~~

http://gollum.easycp.de/en/

FreePeter 2008-02-17 00:15 发表评论

Using Intel 2200BG wireless under Gentoo

FreePeter — Tue, 05 Feb 2008 02:24:00 GMT

Trouble Loading Firmware 2

If you get the following:

ipw2200: Detected Intel PRO/Wireless 2200BG Network Connection
ipw2200: ipw2200-bss.fw request_firmware failed: Reason -2
ipw2200: Unable to load firmware: -2
ipw2200: failed to register network device
ACPI: PCI interrupt for device 0000:03:03.0 disabled
ipw2200: probe of 0000:03:03.0 failed with error -5

In the latest distribution of Gentoo(kernel>=2.6.23-r3, and udev>=115-r1), everything configuration files are OK now. You may find

    SUBSYSTEM=="firmware", ACTION=="add", RUN+="firmware.sh

in the file/etc/udev/rules.d/50-udev.rules. Even list ipw2200 in /etc/modules.autoload/kernel-2.6 is unnecessary now.

However, if you compiled the driver into the kernel, you may suffer this problem. One way to solve it is to regenerate the kernel and compile the driver as a module.

Also you may apply this patch : http://ipw2200.sourceforge.net/patches/ipw2200-1.2.2-close_intf.patch

For more informations, visit : http://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=202557

If it's not because of this, or you use a relatively old version of kernel, you may read the solutions below.

The reason is very simple (From bugzilla id 202557)
When the ipw2200 driver is built into the kernel (not as a module), it attempts to load firmware from a file on disk while the kernel is initializing, which of course fails because there is no filesystem at this point in time.

The whole article can be found in http://gentoo-wiki.com/HARDWARE_ipw2200

FreePeter 2008-02-05 10:24 发表评论

看到一篇文章： Linux is not Windows, 推荐下

FreePeter — Thu, 31 Jan 2008 17:04:00 GMT

http://linux.oneandoneis2.org/LNW.htm

关于这段话

Something to bear in mind, however, is that "training wheels" are often available as "optional extras" for Linux software: They might not be obvious, but frequently they're available.

Take mplayer. You use it to play a video file by typing mplayer filename in a terminal. You fastforward & rewind using the arrow keys and the PageUp & PageDown keys. This is not overly "user-friendly". However, if you instead type gmplayer filename, you'll get the graphical frontend, with all its nice, friendly , familiar buttons.

Take ripping a CD to MP3 (or Ogg): Using the command-line, you need to use cdparanoia to rip the files to disc. Then you need an encoder. . . It's a hassle, even if you know exactly how to use the packages (imho). So download & install something like Grip. This is an easy-to-use graphical frontend that uses cdparanoia and encoders behind-the-scenes to make it really easy to rip CDs, and even has CDDB support to name the files automatically for you.

The same goes for ripping DVDs: The number of options to pass to transcode is a bit of a nightmare. But using dvd::rip to talk to transcode for you makes the whole thing a simple, GUI-based process which anybody can do.

So to avoid #5b issues: Remember that "training wheels" tend to be bolt-on extras in Linux, rather than being automatically supplied with the main product. And sometimes, "training wheels" just can't be part of the design.

关于trainning wheels的问题。。。我个人比较赞同毛大牛的观点
i.e. 我们要先最naive地走一遍，了解它究竟是如何工作的，then 我们可以使用各种辅助工具。
我以为，没有必要每次重新发明一个轮子，但我个人比较倾向于先了解一下轮子是怎么做出来的。。。然后当然不会自己造轮子，而是使用最好用的轮子～～～我相信这无论是对我使用轮子还是在需要的时候对轮子做出点小变动都是及其有帮助的。

这篇文章还没来得及看：

Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
我个人觉得这年头framework封装的太好了。。。大多数人都可以很快的学会如何快速的用这些轮子、引擎做成一个汽车。但绝大多数人不知道轮子、引擎的制作原理了。。。
恩。。。学习还是C++好啊～～～用起来显然是Java...
Lisp & C++ & Qt & Python...

FreePeter 2008-02-01 01:04 发表评论

gentoo安装手记

FreePeter — Thu, 24 Jan 2008 10:42:00 GMT

话说。。。前段时间看到帅帅同学在稀里哗啦的折腾gentoo...然后越发对ubuntu不爽。。。于是考完以后偶也去装个gentoo玩玩。。。
实践证明我直接冒进了。。。应该先找台废旧机器练手的。。。

话说那天先用gentoo的live-cd启动，然后试图直接使用安装脚本。
然后死活在第一步uncompress stage3的时候出错。。。而且每次都是第step 97...-_-bbbb
错误信息参见出错信息
原因不太清楚。。。似乎是在copy一些文件的时候他试图访问/删除光盘上的东东，难道是我机器的挂载点比较神奇？。。。
然后就怒了。。。决定根据 Gentoo Guide 上的文档手动一步一步配置。

文档上写的还是挺详细的，一些tips:
1. 如果有live-cd的话stage3和portage就不用现下了。
2. 其实可以不急着emerge --sync。。。晚些时候再说。。。
3. 一开始建议还是老老实实的genkernel吧。。。我一开始手动配置内核然后编译出来的直接启动不了。。。-_-bbbbbbbb
4. 偶的make.conf:
CFLAGS="-O3 -march=pentium-m -pipe"       #    不开O3对不起人民～～～
LDFLAGS="-Wl,-O1 -Wl,--as-needed"                 #    这个ms是给link的参数？
MAKEOPTS="-j2"                                                    #    双线程，据说线程建议的个数是CPU个数 + 1 ~ CPU个数 * 2
FEATURES="ccache parallel-fetch"                     #    打开一边编译一边下载的功能
5. 关于emerge的代理。。。
也是在make.conf里改
http_proxy=xxoo
RSYNC_PROXY=xxoo

然后配好grub, 重新启动。。。
怎么都启动不了。。。说什么root分区/dev/sda2/无法被挂载。。。
最后发现要改成/dev/hda2/...@@@@，
这个很奇怪，live-cd启动的时候偶的硬盘就是被认成/dev/sda2的。。。为什么装好的系统被认成/dev/hda2呢。。。

接下来是一个标准的裸系统。。。要sudo没sudo, 要vim没vim...-_-bbbbbbb
开始疯狂的emerge动作。。。从vim, sudo 到X, KDE(偶装的是kdebase-meta,相当精简的KDE哈～～～)
记得没装gnome的人编译gvim的时候USE FLAG加上gtk。。。否则编译出来一塌糊涂啊。。。

然后是中文支持的问题。。。参考官方wiki关于scim的文档
另外这篇文章还不错。
目前的主要问题是如果我在/etc/env.d/100i18n中不指定LC_ALL，那么他会提示我说LC_ALL = default locale不存在。。-_-bbbbbbbb
而且现在locale都换成中文了...程序界面都是中文的...不爽...

现在的问题是...编译了一个audacious...除了放不出声音以外别的都挺好...
有的忙了~~~

FreePeter 2008-01-24 18:42 发表评论