﻿<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"><channel><title>C++博客-50米深蓝-文章分类-C++</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/50mi/category/677.html</link><description /><language>zh-cn</language><lastBuildDate>Thu, 05 Jun 2008 04:47:32 GMT</lastBuildDate><pubDate>Thu, 05 Jun 2008 04:47:32 GMT</pubDate><ttl>60</ttl><item><title>垫片类（自我的解释）</title><link>http://www.cppblog.com/50mi/articles/2163.html</link><dc:creator>50米</dc:creator><author>50米</author><pubDate>Tue, 27 Dec 2005 04:50:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.cppblog.com/50mi/articles/2163.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.cppblog.com/50mi/comments/2163.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.cppblog.com/50mi/articles/2163.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.cppblog.com/50mi/comments/commentRss/2163.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.cppblog.com/50mi/services/trackbacks/2163.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;实现垫片类</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 最近读潘爱民先生翻译的《COM本质论》，看到了一个新名词“垫片类”（不要骂我老土，我真的是第一次见..），用来实现类型的转换。作者实现了一个_UNCC的垫片，实现了从TCHAR字符串到wchar_t类型字符串的转换。看一下原书中的例子：<BR>HRESULT IIDFromHWND(HWND hwnd, IID&amp; riid)<BR>{<BR>&nbsp;TCHAR szEditText[1024];<BR>&nbsp;GetWindowText(hwnd, szEditText, 1024);<BR>&nbsp;return IIDFromString(_UNCC(szEditText), &amp;riid);<BR>}</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 其中最后一个函数的原形是：</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;HRESULT IIDFromString(wchar_t *, GUID *)；</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 而_UNCC的作用，就是把第一个参数从TCHAR*类型转换成wchat_t*类型。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 抛开其他的东西不管，我们来分析一下_UNCC到底做了什么事。_UNCC的参数szEditText是一个TCHAR类型字符串，而返回的是一个wchar_t类型的字符串。这让_UNCC看起来像一个函数。现在让我们试着来实现这个函数。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 实现的方法决定于这个返回的wchar_t类型的字符串是放在内存哪部分的。首先我们假定是在栈区：</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>wchar_t* _UNCC(TCHAR* s)<BR>{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; wchar_t wsz[100];<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Translate(wsz, s)///这里假定Translate是转换函数<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return wchar_t;<BR>}</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 看起来是没有错的，也许你也能得到正确的结果，但是并不是每次都能正确，因为你返回的是一个指向栈区数据的指针，而栈内的数据在函数结束后就是无效的。要保持数据有效，需要把数据放到静态区，因此函数可以改成这样：</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>wchar_t* _UNCC(TCHAR* s)<BR>{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; static wchar_t wsz[100];<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Translate(wsz, s)///这里假定Translate是转换函数<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return wchar_t;<BR>}</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;&nbsp; 这样解决了上述问题，但是也不是很好的。假如你的输入参数有200个字符，那个这个程序就崩溃了。也许可以把数组定义的大一些，比如1000，或者10000。但是仍然不能保证是够用的。那试着在堆上分配合适的空间来实现：</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>wchar_t* _UNCC(TCHAR* s)<BR>{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; wchar_t *wsz = new wchar_t[strlen(s) + 1];<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Translate(wsz, s)///这里假定Translate是转换函数<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return wchar_t;<BR>}</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;&nbsp; 但是这样导致了一个更加烦人的内存泄露问题，你分配的空间谁去释放？</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;&nbsp; 现在是否会想，如果_UNCC是类就好了，我可以在析构函数里去delete。然后就会想到，_UNCC很可能是一个函数对象，那让我们试着用函数对象实现：</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>class _UNCC<BR>{<BR>public:<BR>&nbsp;_UNCC():m_p(NULL){}<BR>&nbsp;~_UNCC()<BR>&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;if (NULL != m_p)<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;delete[] m_p;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m_p = NULL;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;}<BR>&nbsp;}<BR>&nbsp;wchar_t* operator()(TCHAR* s)<BR>&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;if (s != NULL)<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m_p = new wchar_t[strlen(s) +1];<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Translate(m_p, s)///这里假定Translate是转换函数<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;}<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;else<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m_p = new wchar_t[1];<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*m_p = 0;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;}<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;return m_p;<BR>&nbsp;}<BR>private:<BR>&nbsp;wchar_t* m_p;<BR>}</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 太好了！这样能完全解决上面出现的所有问题，让我们用一下试试吧：<BR>&nbsp;...<BR>&nbsp;return IIDFromString(_UNCC(szEditText), &amp;riid);<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 编译不通过!因为函数对象也是类，类需要先实例化的，改一下吧：<BR>&nbsp;...<BR>&nbsp;return IIDFromString(_UNCC()(szEditText), &amp;riid);<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 能用是能用了，但是和原函数的形式不一样，而且这种形式让人感到很别扭。解决这个问题也很简单，用#define把()取代掉！修改以后的函数看起来这样：</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>class UNCC<BR>{<BR>public:<BR>&nbsp;UNCC():m_p(NULL){}<BR>&nbsp;~UNCC()<BR>&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;if (NULL != m_p)<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;delete[] m_p;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m_p = NULL;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;}<BR>&nbsp;}<BR>&nbsp;wchar_t* operator()(TCHAR* s)<BR>&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;if (s != NULL)<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m_p = new wchar_t[strlen(s) +1];<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Translate(m_p, s)///这里假定Translate是转换函数<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;}<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;else<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m_p = new wchar_t[1];<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*m_p = 0;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;}<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;return m_p;<BR>&nbsp;}<BR>private:<BR>&nbsp;wchar_t* m_p;<BR>};</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>#define UNCC() _UNCC</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 这样就完全实现了这个垫片类，现在可以放心的使用了。<BR>&nbsp;...<BR>&nbsp;return IIDFromString(_UNCC(szEditText), &amp;riid);<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 在调用这个函数的时候，首先生成一个临时的UNCC类对象实例，然后通过此实例调用重载过的()操作符来实现类型转换，并返回指针给调用他的函数使用。整个函数结束以后，临时UNCC的作用域结束，UNCC析构函数把动态分配的空间释放。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 下面是一个垫片类的完整例子，垫片_A()实现了从string类型，char*类型和整数类型到字符串类型的转换，并在PrintStr函数中调试。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>#include &lt;iostream&gt;<BR>using namespace std;</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>class A<BR>{<BR>public:</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;A():m_p(NULL)<BR>&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;}</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;~A()<BR>&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;if (NULL != m_p)<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;delete[] m_p;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;}<BR>&nbsp;}</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;char* operator()(string s)<BR>&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;m_p = new char[s.length() + 1];<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;strcpy(m_p, s.c_str());<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;return m_p;<BR>&nbsp;}</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;char* operator()(const char *s)<BR>&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;if (NULL == s)<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m_p = new char[1];<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*m_p = 0;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;}<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;else<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m_p = new char[strlen(s) + 1];<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;strcpy(m_p, s);<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;}<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;return m_p;<BR>&nbsp;}</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;char* operator()(long s)<BR>&nbsp;{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;m_p = new char[9];<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;sprintf(m_p, "%ld", s);<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;return m_p;<BR>&nbsp;}</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>private:</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;char* m_p;</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>};</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>#define _A A()</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>void PrintStr(const char* s)<BR>{<BR>&nbsp;cout&lt;&lt;s&lt;&lt;endl;<BR>}</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>int main(int argc, char* argv[])<BR>{<BR>&nbsp;string s("I'm a C++ string");</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;PrintStr(_A(s));</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;PrintStr(_A("I'm a C string"));</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;PrintStr(_A(38385438));</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#d3d3d3>&nbsp;return 0;<BR>}<BR></FONT></P><img src ="http://www.cppblog.com/50mi/aggbug/2163.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.cppblog.com/50mi/" target="_blank">50米</a> 2005-12-27 12:50 <a href="http://www.cppblog.com/50mi/articles/2163.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item></channel></rss>